Orlando Figes
Orlando Figes | |
---|---|
PhD ) | |
Occupation(s) | historian, writer |
Orlando Guy Figes (/ɔːˈlændəʊ ɡaɪ ˈfaɪdʒiːz/) is a British historian and writer. Until his retirement, he was Professor of History at Birkbeck College, University of London, where he was made Emeritus Professor on his retirement.
Figes is known for his works on Russian history, such as
He serves on the editorial board of the journal Russian History,[1] writes for the international press, broadcasts on television and radio, reviews for The New York Review of Books, and is a fellow of the Royal Society of Literature.[2] In 2023, Figes was awarded an Honorary Degree by the Universidad Internacional Menéndez Pelayo in Santiago, Spain.[3]
Personal life and education
Born in
Figes is married to human rights lawyer Stephanie Palmer, a senior lecturer in law at Cambridge University and barrister at Blackstone Chambers London. They have two daughters. He divides his time between his homes in London and Umbria in Italy.[6]
In an interview with Andrew Marr in 1997, Figes described himself as "a Labour Party supporter and 'a bit of a Tony Blair man', though he confessed, when it came to the Russian revolution, to being mildly pro-Menshevik."[7]
On 13 February 2017, Figes announced on Twitter that he had become a German citizen "bec [sic] I don't want to be a Brexit Brit."[8]
Career
Figes was a fellow and lecturer in history at Gonville and Caius College from 1984 to 1999. He then succeeded Richard J. Evans as professor of history at Birkbeck College, University of London. He announced his retirement in 2022.[9]
Writing
Works on the Russian Revolution
Figes's first three books were on the
Interpreting the Russian Revolution: The Language and Symbols of 1917 (1999), co-written with Boris Kolonitskii, analyses the political language, revolutionary songs, visual symbols and historical ideas that animated the revolutionary crowds of 1917.[16]
Revolutionary Russia: 1891–1991, is a short introduction to the subject published as part of the relaunch of Pelican Books in the United Kingdom in 2014.[17] In it Figes argues for the need to see the Russian Revolution in a longer time-frame than most historians have allowed. He states that his aim is 'to chart one hundred years of history as a single revolutionary cycle. In this telling the Revolution starts in the nineteenth century (and more specifically in 1891, when the public's reaction to the famine crisis set it for the first time on a collision course with the autocracy) and ends with the collapse of the Soviet regime in 1991.'[18]
Natasha's Dance and Russian cultural history
Published in 2002, Natasha's Dance is a broad cultural history of Russia from the building of
Figes is credited as the historical consultant on the 2012 film Anna Karenina.[19]
Figes has also written essays on various Russian cultural figures, including
The Whisperers: Private Life in Stalin's Russia
His book The Whisperers followed the approach of
Translated into more than twenty languages,[24] The Whisperers was described by Andrey Kurkov as "one of the best literary monuments to the Soviet people"[25] In it Figes underlined the importance of oral testimonies for the recovery of the history of repression in the former Soviet Union. While conceding that, "like all memory, the testimony given in an interview is unreliable", he said that oral testimony "can be cross-examined and tested against other evidence".[26]
The Whisperers deals mainly with the impact of repression on the private life. It examines the influence of the Soviet regime and its campaigns of Terror on family relationships, emotions and beliefs, moral choices, issues of personal and social identity, and collective memory. According to Figes, 'the real power and lasting legacy of the
The Whisperers includes a detailed study of the Soviet writer Konstantin Simonov, who became a leading figure in the Soviet Writers' Union and a propagandist in the "anti-cosmopolitan" campaign during Stalin's final years. Figes drew on the closed sections of Simonov's archive in the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art and on the archives of the poet's wife and son to produce his study of this major Soviet establishment figure.[28]
A planned 2012 Russian translation of The Whisperers was abandoned after fact-checking by the Memorial Society, who alleged that it contained "inaccuracies and factual errors" in Figes' presentation of their original Russian-language interviews.[22][29] Figes claimed that the real explanation for non-publication in Russia was "political pressure" because the book was "inconvenient to the current regime of Vladimir Putin" and that his offer to correct the "small number of errors" that he recognised had not been answered by the publisher.[29] After the dispute was publicised by critics of Figes, the publisher Corpus said the book would have taken "up to a year" to correct all the inaccuracies.[30] It pointed to examples of a Gulag inmate being wrongfully described as one of the "trusties" (prisoners who collaborated with the gulag administration), and the inclusion of a quote which did not appear in Memorial's original interview with the subject to whom it was attributed.[22]
Just Send Me Word
Published in 2012, Just Send Me Word is a true story based on 1,246 letters smuggled in and out of the
Figes was given exclusive access to the letters and other parts of the archive, which is also based on interviews with the couple when they were in their nineties, and the archives of the labour camp itself. Figes raised the finance for the transcription of the letters, which are housed in the Memorial Society in Moscow and will become available to researchers in 2013. According to Figes, "Lev's letters are the only major real-time record of daily life in the Gulag that has ever come to light."[33]
The book tells the story of Lev and Svetlana who met as students in the Physics Faculty of
The title of the book is taken from the poem "In Dream" by
Writing in the Financial Times, Simon Sebag Montefiore called Just Send Me Word "a unique contribution to Gulag scholarship as well as a study of the universal power of love".[34] Several reviewers highlighted the book's literary qualities, pointing out that it 'reads like a novel'[35][36]
Just Send Me Word has been translated into German, French, Italian, Spanish, Dutch, Polish, Swedish, Portuguese, Norwegian, Finnish, Danish, Japanese, Korean and Chinese.[37]
Crimea
The Europeans
The Europeans: Three Lives and the Making of a Cosmopolitan Culture is a panoramic history of nineteenth-century European culture told through the biographies of Pauline Viardot, the opera singer, composer and salon hostess, her husband Louis Viardot, an art expert and theatre manager, and the Russian writer Ivan Turgenev, who had a long love affair with Pauline Viardot and lived with the couple in a ménage à trois for over twenty years. They lived at various times in Paris, Baden-Baden, London, Courtavenel and Bougival.[39]
Figes argues that a pan-European culture formed through new technologies (especially the railways and lithographic printing), mass foreign travel, market forces, and the development of
The Europeans was published in the United Kingdom in September 2019. Writing in The Guardian, William Boyd described it as 'magisterial, beguiling, searching, a history of a continent in constant change'.[41] In The Sunday Telegraph Rupert Christiansen described it as 'timely, brilliant and hugely enjoyable – a magnificently humane book, written with supple grace but firmly underpinned by meticulous scholarship.'[42]
The Story of Russia
Figes published The Story of Russia in September 2022.[9] The book is a general history of Russia from the earliest times to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. It focuses on the ideas and myths that have structured the Russians' understanding of their history, and explores what Figes calls the "structural continuities" of Russian history, such as the sacralisation of power and patrimonial autocracy. The Guardian described it as "An indispensable survey of more than 1,000 years of history [which] shows how myth and fact mix dangerously in the tales this crucial country tells about itself" [43] A reviewer in The Spectator called it "a saga of multi-millennial identity politics"; Figes argues that no other country has so often changed its origin story,[44] its "[h]istories continuously reconfigured and repurposed to suit its present needs and reimagine its future".[45]
Views on Russian politics
Figes has been critical of the
On 4 December 2008, the St Petersburg offices of the
Figes has also condemned the arrest by the
In December 2013, Figes wrote a long piece in the US journal Foreign Affairs on the Euromaidan demonstrations in Kyiv suggesting that a referendum on Ukraine's foreign policy and the country's possible partition might be a preferable alternative to the possibility of civil war and military intervention by Russia.[50]
In June 2023, he said that Russia "needs to be completely defeated" in the Russo-Ukrainian War, "not just for Ukraine's sake, but for Russia's sake".[51]
In February 2024, Figes was sanctioned by the Russian government.[52]
Plays
In 2023 Figes's debut play, The Oyster Problem, was produced by the
Film and television work
Figes has contributed frequently to radio and television broadcasts in the United Kingdom and around the world. In 1999 he wrote a six-part educational TV series on the history of Communism under the title Red Chapters. Produced by Opus Television and broadcast in the UK, the 25-minute films featured turning-points in the history of Soviet Russia, China, and Cuba.
Figes was the historical consultant on the film
Theatrical adaptations
Figes's The Whisperers was adapted and performed by Rupert Wickham as a one-man play, Stalin's Favourite. Based on Figes's portrayal of the writer Konstantin Simonov, the play was performed in London at the National Theatre in November 2011[57] and at the Unicorn Theatre in January 2012.[58]
Amazon reviews affair
In 2010, Figes posted several pseudonymous reviews on the UK site of the online bookseller
Prizes
- 1997 – Wolfson History Prize A People's Tragedy: The Russian Revolution 1891–1924
- 1997 – WH Smith Literary Award A People's Tragedy: The Russian Revolution 1891–1924
- 1997 – NCR Book Award A People's Tragedy: The Russian Revolution 1891–1924
- 1997 – Longman-History Today Book PrizeA People's Tragedy: The Russian Revolution 1891–1924
- 1997 – Los Angeles Times Book Prize A People's Tragedy: The Russian Revolution 1891–1924
- 2009 – Przeglad Wschodni Award Natasha's Dance: A Cultural History of Russia.[23]
- 2021 – Antonio Delgado Prize (Spain), The Europeans: Three Lives and the Making of a Cosmopolitan Culture [63]
Works
- Peasant Russia, Civil War: The Volga Countryside in Revolution, 1917–21, 1989, ISBN 0-19-822169-X
- ISBN 0-7126-7327-X
- With Boris Kolonitskii: Interpreting the Russian Revolution: The Language and Symbols of 1917, 1999, ISBN 0-300-08106-5
- Natasha's Dance: A Cultural History of Russia, 2002, ISBN 0-14-029796-0
- The Whisperers: Private Life in Stalin's Russia, 2007, ISBN 0-8050-7461-9
- Crimea: The Last Crusade, Allen Lane, 2010. ISBN 978-0-7139-9704-0
- Just Send Me Word: A True Story of Love and Survival in the Gulag, Metropolitan Books, 2012. ISBN 978-0-8050-9522-7
- Revolutionary Russia, 1891–1991, Metropolitan Books, 2014, ISBN 9780805091311
- Revolutionary Russia, 1891–1991, ISBN 978-0141043678
- The Europeans: Three Lives and the Making of a Cosmopolitan Culture, New York: Henry Holt and Co. 2019, ISBN 9781627792141
- The Story of Russia, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2022, ISBN 978-1526631749
References
- ^ "Russian History". Brill Publishers. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 31 August 2011.
- ^ "Current RSL Fellows". Royal Society of Literature. Archived from the original on 2 October 2012. Retrieved 18 March 2014.
- ^ "Orlando Figes investido doctor honoris causa por la UIMP: 'Nos hemos equivocado con Rusia durante mucho tiempo'". www.uimp.es (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 28 August 2023. Retrieved 16 September 2023.
- ^ Tucker, Eva (7 September 2012). "Eva Figes obituary". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 8 November 2018.
- ^ Anderson, Hephzibah (26 December 2019). "Kate Figes, Feminist Author on Family Life, Dies at 62". The New York Times. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
- ^ "Orlando Figes". Amazon UK.
- ^ "Makers of their own tragedy". The Independent. 23 October 2011. Archived from the original on 24 May 2022.
- ^ Orlando Figes [@orlandofiges] (13 February 2017). "77 years ago my family fled to England from Nazi Germany. Today I became a German citizen bec I don't want to be a Brexit Brit" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
- ^ a b Fox, Killian (3 September 2022). "Orlando Figes: 'Gorbachev was a very sharp and likable person'". The Guardian (interview). Retrieved 6 September 2022.
- ^ Figes, Orlando, Peasant Russia, Civil War, p. xxi.
- ^ Figes, Orlando, A People's Tragedy, 1996, p. xvii.
- ^ Haynes, Michael, and Wolfreys, Jim, History and Revolution, London: Verso, 2007, p. 15.
- ^ Keep, John, "Great October?" in The Times Literary Supplement, 23 August 1996, p. 5.
- ^ Times Literary Supplement, 30 December 2008.
- ^ Bury, Liz (1 October 2013). "David Bowie's top 100 must-read books". Theguardian.com. Retrieved 8 October 2017.
- ^ Journal of Cold War Studies, Volume 2, Number 2, Spring 2000, pp. 122–25.
- ^ "Pelican Books". Pelican Books. Retrieved 24 July 2015.
- ISBN 978-0805091311.
- ^ a b "Anna Karenina cast". IMDb.com. Retrieved 24 July 2015.
- ^ "Orlando Figes | The New York Review of Books". Nybooks.com. Retrieved 31 August 2011.
- ^ a b "Four Documentaries – The Tsar's Last Picture Show". BBC. 22 November 2007. Retrieved 31 August 2011.
- ^ a b c Robert Booth; Miriam Elder (23 May 2012). "Orlando Figes translation scrapped in Russia amid claims of inaccuracies". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 23 May 2012.
- ^ a b c "Orlando Figes [Author and Professor of Russian History]". Orlandofiges.com. Retrieved 31 August 2011.
- ^ His books have been translated into French, German, Dutch, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Danish, Swedish, Norwegian, Finnish, Russian, Czech, Slovak, Polish, Estonian, Latvian, Slovenian, Serbian, Bulgarian, Greek, Turkish, Hebrew, Georgian, Korean, Japanese and Chinese.["Orlando Figes [Author and Professor of Russian History]". Orlandofiges.com. Retrieved 19 November 2013.]
- ^ Schaaf, Matthew. "Secrets of the state". New Statesman. Retrieved 31 August 2011.
- ^ The Whisperers (London, 2007), p. 636.
- ^ Figes, The Whisperers, p. xxxii.
- ^ Times Literary Supplement, 8 February 2008.
- ^ a b "Orlando Figes and Stalin's Victims". The Nation. 23 May 2012. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
- ^ Dennis Johnson. "Orlando Figes in trouble again for gross "inaccuracies" and "misrepresentations"". Melville House. Retrieved 31 August 2015.
- ^ Scammell, Michael. "Love Against All Odds by Michael Scammell | The New York Review of Books". Nybooks.com. Retrieved 24 July 2015.
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(help) - ^ "A Note From Memorial" in Just Send Me Word, p. 297.
- ^ Figes, Orlando (July–August 2011). "Don't Go There: Chasing the dying memories of Soviet trauma". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 4 July 2011.
- ^ Simon Sebag Montefiore (26 May 2012). "Labour of love". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 11 December 2022. Retrieved 24 July 2015.
- ^ Timothy Phillips (25 May 2012). "Staying alive with the language of love - Life Style Books - Life & Style - London Evening Standard". The Standard. Retrieved 24 July 2015.
- ^ "A Page in the Life: Orlando Figes". Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 24 July 2015.
- ^ "奥兰多·费吉斯 不想被归入任何史学的"劳改营"_书评周刊·非虚构_新京报电子报". Epaper.bjnews.com.cn. Retrieved 8 October 2017.
- ^ Angus Macqueen (10 October 2010). "Crimea: The Last Crusade by Orlando Figes – review". The Observer. London. Retrieved 31 August 2011.
- ISBN 978-0241004890.
- ^ Dinning, Rachel (30 September 2019). "Orlando Figes on the transformation of Europe". BBC History Extra. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
- ^ Boyd, William (7 September 2019). "The Europeans by Orlando Figes review – the importance of a shared culture". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 October 2019.
- ISSN 0307-1235.
- ^ Kendall, Bridget (September 2022). "The Story of Russia by Orlando Figes review – what Putin sees in the past". The Guardian.
- ^ Wheeler, Sara (3 September 2022). "How Putin manipulated history to help Russians feel good again". The Spectator (review). Retrieved 6 September 2022.
- ^ Quotation from the introduction. Kendall, Bridget (1 September 2022). "The Story of Russia by Orlando Figes review – what Putin sees in the past". The Guardian. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
- ^ Figes, Orlando (29 November 2007). "Vlad the Great". New Statesman.
- ^ Harding, Luke (7 December 2008). "Luke Harding, "British scholar rails at police seizure of anti-Stalin archive", The Observer, 7 December 2008". The Guardian. London.
- ^ Figes, Orlando (8 December 2008). "Blog Archive – An open letter to President Medvedev". Index on Censorship.
- ^ Luke Harding (15 October 2009). "Russian historian arrested in clampdown on Stalin era". The Guardian.
- ^ Figes, Orlando (16 December 2013). "Is There One Ukraine?". Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 24 July 2015.
- ^ "'We Want To Defeat Russia,' Says British Historian Figes, 'But We Don't Want To Push It Into Civil War And Chaos'". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 13 June 2023.
- ^ "Russia slaps sanctions on British officials, historians and academics". Retrieved 5 April 2024.
- ^ Gillinson, Miriam (15 February 2023). "The Oyster Problem review – the struggle to save Flaubert from himself". The Guardian.
- ^ "Review: The Oyster Problem, Jermyn Street Theatre". 18 February 2023.
- ^ "Red Chapters: Turning Points in the History of Communism (TV Series 1999)". IMDb.com. Retrieved 24 July 2015.
- ^ Stanford, Peter (8 October 2017). "Those who complained about War and Peace are 'whingers', says historical advisor Orlando Figes". Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 8 October 2017.
- ^ "National Theatre announce new Season to Jan 2012". London Theatre. 8 June 2016. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
- ^ "Past Productions, 2012". Unicorn Theatre. 21 November 2012. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
- ^ a b c Alexandra Topping, "Historian Orlando Figes agrees to pay damages for fake reviews",The Guardian, 16 July 2010.
- ^ Appleyard, Bryan (3 October 2010). "The Wild Charges He Made". The Sunday Times. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
- ^ Richard Lea and Matthew Taylor (23 April 2010). ""Historian Orlando Figes admits posting Amazon reviews that trashed rivals", Guardian". Guardian. London. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
- ^ "Orlando Figes to pay fake Amazon review damages". BBC News. 17 July 2010. Retrieved 8 October 2017.
- ^ "Orlando Figes gana el Premio Antonio Delgado a la Divulgación de la Propiedad Intelectual". Sgae.es. 3 December 2018. Retrieved 13 May 2022.
Sources
- "Orlando Figes [Home]". Orlandofiges.com. Retrieved 31 August 2011.
- Guy Dammann (14 July 2008). "Interview: Guy Dammann talks to Orlando Figes". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 31 August 2011.
- Luke Harding in Moscow (7 December 2008). "Russian police raid human rights group's archive |". The Observer. London. Retrieved 31 August 2011.
External links
This article's use of external links may not follow Wikipedia's policies or guidelines. (July 2015) |
- Figes's free educational website on the Russian Revolution and Soviet history, May 2014
- Figes's website with oral history materials, September 2007
- new Figes website, September 2011
- Orlando Figes at IMDb
- BBC Four presenter interview, May 2003
- PBS filmed interviews with Figes Archived 5 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine
- Video presentation by Figes of Just Send Me Word, 2012
- Figes on 20 years since the fall of Communism Archived 21 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine, 2011
- Stalin's children, The Economist, October 2007
- Sunday Book Review, New York Times, November 2007
- NPR Interview, December 2007
- The Destruction of Memory, Washington Post, February 2008
- Podcast of Figes speaking at the Samuel Johnson short-listed author event about "Whisperers", London (2008) BookBuffet.com
- Podcast of Figes 'On the Politics of Russian History', April 2009
- Figes author page and article archive from The New York Review of Books