Otmuchów
Otmuchów | ||
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Website | http://www.otmuchow.pl |
Otmuchów (pronounced: [ɔtˈmuxuf]; German: Ottmachau) is a town in Nysa County, Opole Voivodeship, Poland, with 6,581 inhabitants (2019).
Etymology
The city was mentioned for the first time as Otemochow in 1155. It was named in its Old Polish form Othmuchow in the 13th-century Book of Henryków.[2] The name Othmuchow was also listed in the Chronicles of the Kingdom of Poland written in the years 1455-1480 by Jan Długosz and the Latinized name Othmuchouie appeared in the Statuta synodalia episcoporum Wratislaviensium from 1475.
In 1613 the Silesian regionalist and historian Nicholas Henkel stated in his own work entitled Fri Silesiographia two names in Latin, Otmuchovia and Othmuchaw.
The Germanized form was Ottmachau, and the Polish name in the modern Polish spelling was restored in 1945.
History
The first known mentioning of Otmuchów comes from 1155, however, it certainly existed, along with the
The town was plundered during the Thirty Years' War.[3] After the war the town was revived thanks to Polish prince and Bishop of Wrocław Karol Ferdynand Vasa, who turned the castle into an episcopal seat.[3] In 1741 the town was captured and plundered by the Prussians, who annexed it afterwards.[3] The town declined, and after secularization in 1810 it passed from episcopal authority under Prussian administration.[3]
Between 1871 and 1945 the area was part of Germany. During the Second World War, the Germans operated two forced labour subcamps (E276, E282) of the Stalag VIII-B/344 prisoner-of-war camp for English-speaking POWs in the town.[4] In 1944 the men were transferred to the oil refinery at Trzebinia (E738).[5] The Germans also established and operated the Polenlager 86 forced labour camp for Poles in the town.[6] Following the defeat of Germany in the war, the town became again part of Poland.
The town holds the headquarters for the 1952 founded confectionery joint-stock company Otmuchów Group.
Sights
Among the historic sights of Otmuchów are the medieval Otmuchów Castle, the Baroque palace, now housing the municipal government, medieval town walls, the Church of St. Nicholas and St. Francis, and numerous historic townhouses.[3]
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Church. St. Nicholas and St. Francis
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Municipal Office
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Market Square
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Panorama
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Post Office
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Nyska Wieża Wróbla (Defensive tower, part of the city walls)
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Baroque St. Mary column
Transport
There is a train station in Otmuchów, and the Polish National road 46 also passes through the town.
Sports
The local football team is Czarni Otmuchów . It competes in the lower leagues.
Twin towns – sister cities
See twin towns of Gmina Otmuchów.
References
- ^ "Population. Size and structure and vital statistics in Poland by territorial division in 2019. As of 30th June". stat.gov.pl. Statistics Poland. 2019-10-15. Retrieved 2020-02-14.
- ^ Gustav Adolf Stenzel, Liber Fundationis Claustri Sanctae Mariae Virginis in Henrichow, 1854, p. 82
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Zabytki". Gmina Otmuchów (in Polish). Retrieved 13 February 2020.
- ^ "Working Parties". Lamsdorf.com. Archived from the original on 29 October 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
- ^ "Home". lamsdorf.com.
- ^ "Polenlager Ottmachau". Bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved 11 November 2021.
External links
- Jewish Community in Otmuchów on Virtual Shtetl