Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

Coordinates: 46°20′36″N 119°16′35″W / 46.343224°N 119.276333°W / 46.343224; -119.276333
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
EstablishedJanuary 4, 1965; 59 years ago (1965-01-04)
BudgetUS$1.24 billion (FY21)[1]
Field of research
Energy, national security and the environment.
DirectorDr. Steven Ashby
Staff5,314
Address902 Battelle Boulevard
LocationRichland, Washington (main campus)
NicknamePNNL
Operating agency
Battelle Memorial Institute
Websitewww.pnnl.gov

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is one of the

United States Department of Energy national laboratories, managed by the Department of Energy's (DOE) Office of Science. The main campus of the laboratory is in Richland, Washington
.

Originally named the Pacific Northwest Laboratory, PNL was established in 1965 when research and development at the Hanford Site was separated from other Hanford operations. In 1995, the laboratory was renamed the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory also known as PNNL.[2]

Facilities

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Campus. PNNL has been operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute since 1965.

PNNL houses several scientific user facilities and research facilities.

Scientific user facilities

The Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL) is a U.S. Department of Energy national scientific user facility. EMSL provides researchers around the world with integrated capabilities in oxide and mineral interface chemistry, high-performance computing and computational chemistry software, mass spectrometry, high-field magnetic resonance, and subsurface flow and transport.[3][4]

The Bioproducts, Sciences, and Engineering Laboratory (BSEL) is a joint effort between Washington State University and PNNL, and is located on the

fuel additives.[5]

Researchers at PNNL's Radiochemical Processing Laboratory are developing processes to advance the cleanup of radiological and hazardous wastes; the processing and disposal of

medical isotopes.[6]

The Applied Process Engineering Laboratory (APEL) is a technology business startup user facility, sponsored in part by PNNL. APEL provides engineering- and manufacturing-scale space and chemical, biological, and electronic laboratories and equipment for developing, validating, and commercializing new products.[7]

Research facilities

Battery reliability testing at the laboratory

Three research facilities were constructed on PNNL's Richland, Washington campus to partially replace laboratory and office space PNNL had been using on the south end of the nearby Hanford Site.

The Physical Sciences Facility, a federally funded research complex that was designed by Flad Architects, opened in 2010 houses PNNL's research into materials science, radiation detection, and ultra-trace analysis. The privately funded Computational Sciences Facility and Biological Sciences Facility house about 310 staff who support PNNL's energy, environmental, national security, and fundamental science research missions. These two new facilities opened in 2009. The CSF contains scientific capabilities in information analytics,

cellular biology and analytical interfacial chemistry.[8]

The Electricity Infrastructure Operations Center at PNNL combines software, real-time power grid data and computation into a control room setting. The ideas and technologies developed in the EIOC address better management of the power grid. The EIOC also is available to utilities, vendors, government agencies and universities interested in research, development or training.[9]

PNNL-Sequim (2022–present), previously known as the Marine and Coastal Research Laboratory (2021) and the Marine Sciences Laboratory (1966–2021), located at

Sequim, Washington, is the DOE's only marine laboratory. PNNL-Sequim provides analytical and general-purpose laboratories, as well as wet or support laboratories supplied with heated and cooled freshwater and seawater. More than 20 engineers and scientists work on coastal restoration and security projects, from reviving salmon habitat to research on how shellfish could detect a bioterrorist attack. PNNL-Sequim also operates a 28-foot (8.5 m) research vessel.[10]

Other PNNL research facilities include the following:

Notable scientists

PNNL staff have received numerous awards and recognition. These achievements include six

PECASE (Presidential Early Career award for Scientists and Engineers) Awards. PNNL staff serve as editors-in-chief for scientific journals, hold office in national and international technical societies, and have been granted Guggenheim fellowships, Humboldt Research Awards, and society medals. Staff have been elected to the rank of fellow in national societies including, but not limited to, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Physical Society, and the Materials Research Society.[13][14]

Previous PNNL researchers include Benoit Mandelbrot.

Facts and figures

  • Over 5,400 staff members (scientists, engineers and business professionals)
  • Business volume of $955 million for FY15 (research and development expenditures)
  • 107 R&D 100 Awards for significant innovations since 1969[15]
  • 81 Federal Laboratory Consortium awards for technology transfer since 1984
  • 2,410 U.S. and foreign patents since 1965
  • According to Essential Science Indicators[16][page needed] rankings, PNNL ranks among top 1% in publications and citations (FY13) in:
    • Biology and biochemistry
    • Chemistry
    • Clinical medicine
    • Engineering
    • Environment and ecology
    • Geosciences
    • Materials science
    • Microbiology
    • Pharmacology and toxicology
    • Physics
  • The main campus is located in Richland, Washington; PNNL operates a marine research facility in Sequim, and has satellite offices in Seattle and Tacoma, Washington; Portland, Oregon; College Park, Maryland, and Washington, D.C. The Laboratory has been operated by Ohio-based Battelle since 1965.[17][18]

History

This November 1964 Tri-City Herald newspaper clip announces Battelle has been selected to manage the new Pacific Northwest Laboratory in Richland beginning in January 1965.

PNNL was established in 1965 but traces its origins to World War II, in the establishment of the Hanford Site in 1943. Plutonium production for the Manhattan Project required extensive research and development activities at the Hanford Site. The General Electric Company began operating the site in 1946 and consolidated R&D into the new Hanford Laboratory in 1953. After GE ended its contract in 1963 to avoid conflicts with its growing commercial nuclear business, the Atomic Energy Commission split the Hanford contract among several organizations, awarding the laboratory contract to Ohio-based Battelle Memorial Institute. Battelle took over operations on January 4, 1965, and named it the Pacific Northwest Laboratory.[19]

Initially, PNL's research emphasized nuclear energy and non-destructive uses for nuclear materials, including the design for the

radionuclides in lunar material collected from the entire Apollo program
.

In the 1970s, PNL expanded into energy, environment, health and national security research. The shift occurred as the AEC was replaced by the Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA) in 1974 and the Department of Energy in 1977. During this period, researchers at PNL developed vitrification, a process to lock hazardous waste inside glass, and an acoustic holography technique allowing medical personnel to view internal organs, detect fetal abnormalities, and locate blood clots without an operation.

In the 1980s, PNL researchers introduced the first portable

U.S. Department of Energy's multiprogram laboratories
.

In 1995, the laboratory was renamed the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.

cloud formation and radiative properties of clouds. In addition, the Laboratory created energy efficiency centers to promote economic growth while mitigating its harmful effects and participating on the United Nations panel on climate change assessments.[24]

In 2007, more than 20 PNNL scientists were recognized for their contributions to the

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) that received the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize in equal parts with former Vice President Al Gore.[25]

Technologies to

visualization research
using computer technology to enable humans to visually synthesize and derive insight from massive amounts of information to help the nation predict and respond to manmade and natural disasters and terrorist incidents.

PNNL scientists are designing catalysts to use solar energy to power reactions that turn water into hydrogen. They are incorporating the concepts of energy matching and proton relays to design inexpensive nickel and cobalt containing molecular complexes that catalyze that reaction. DOE has awarded $22.5 million over five years for PNNL's new Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, where scientists will study catalysts that convert electrical energy into chemical bonds and back again.[26][27]

PNNL directors

  • Sherwood Fawcett (1965–1967)
  • Fred Albaugh (1967–1971)
  • Ron Paul (1971–1973)
  • Ed Alpen (1973–1975)
  • Tommy Ambrose (1975–1979)
  • Doug Olesen (1979–1984)
  • William R. Wiley (1984–1994)
  • Bill Madia
    (1994–2000)
  • Lura Powell (2000–2003)
  • Leonard Peters (2003–2007)
  • Mike Kluse (2008–2015)
  • Steve Ashby (2015–present)

References

  1. ^ "PNNL About". www.pnnl.gov. Retrieved 2021-10-26.
  2. ^ a b PNNL News & Media Relations (October 26, 1995). "What's in a name? — PNL goes national". Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Retrieved June 17, 2019.
  3. ^ Newman, AR 1997. "PNNL's Laboratory for the Environment." Analytical Chemistry, 69, 298A-301A.
  4. ^ "Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory | PNNL". www.pnnl.gov. Retrieved 2019-04-12.
  5. ^ Schill, SR. 2008. “PNNL, WSU partner in new biomass research lab.” Biomass Magazine
  6. ^ "Radiochemical Processing Laboratory | PNNL". www.pnnl.gov. Retrieved 2019-04-12.
  7. ^ About PNNL Facilities
  8. ^ U.S. Department of Energy. 2007. "Construction Approved for State-of-the-Art Physical Sciences Facility- Existing Facilities Included in Project". Pacific Northwest Site Office, Richland, WA.
  9. ^ Huang Z, RT Guttromson, J Nieplocha, and RG Pratt. 2007. "Transforming Power Grid Operations". Scientific Computing 24(5):22-27.
  10. ^ Urbani de la Paz, D. October 14, 2008. "Plant power on the rise at Sequim Bay lab". Peninsula Daily News.
  11. ^ "U.S. DOE Press Release "Secretary of Energy Announces Eight E.O. Lawrence Award Winners"". Archived from the original on 2009-09-10. Retrieved 2017-06-25.
  12. ^ "Homeland security work wins national award for PNNL scientist". Tri-City Herald.
  13. ^ "Futrell Named Head of PNNL's Council of Fellows". Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Richland, WA. 2006. Archived from the original on 2008-09-20. Retrieved 2009-08-06.
  14. ^ Staff Information Richard Smith.
  15. ^ "PNNL: News - PNNL wins seven R&D 100 Awards".
  16. ^ Essential Science Indicators. Archived 2016-12-01 at the Wayback Machine.
  17. ^ PNNL: About – Business Facts.
  18. ^ "PNNL Fast Facts, Fiscal Year 2015".
  19. ^ Marceau, Thomas; et al. (2002). Hanford Site Historic District: History of the Plutonium Production Facilities, 1943-1990. Richland, WA: United States Department of Energy.
  20. MIT. December 1999. Archived from the original
    on April 17, 2003.
  21. ^ Hungate, FP. 1995. "Portable Blood Irradiator." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 60(4): 359-362.
  22. ^ PNNL: Pacific Northwest Center for Global Security
  23. ^ Anonymous. 1998. "Instruments Smother Smuggling Attempts." Research & Development 40(2):140.
  24. ^ About PNNL - Laboratory history
  25. ^ "Local researchers among thousands who share in prize" Seattle Times, 13 October 2007
  26. ^ DuBois, MR and DL DuBois. 2008. "The Role of Pendant Bases in Molecular Catalysts for H2 Oxidation and Production." Comptes Rendus Chimie 11(8):805-817.
  27. ^ Basic Energy Science, Energy Frontier Research Centers. Office of Basic Energy Science, U.S. Department of Energy

External links

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