Paradoxosomatidae

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Paradoxosomatidae
Asiomorpha coarctata
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Myriapoda
Class: Diplopoda
Order: Polydesmida
Suborder: Paradoxosomatidea
Daday, 1889
Family: Paradoxosomatidae
Daday, 1889
Diversity
c. 200 genera, 975 species
Synonyms

Strongylosomatidae

Cook
, 1895

Paradoxosomatidae, the only family in the suborder Paradoxosomatidea (also known as Strongylosomatidea),

Oxidus gracilis.[3]

Description

The family is characterised by several traits. Most species possess a groove or furrow ("sulcus") on the dorsal surface between the keels (

sternite of the fifth body segment.[2][4] Adults may have 19 or 20 body segments in addition the head, and ozopores (defensive gland openings) situated on the lateral margins of keels on (in most species) segments 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, and 15 to the last segment.[2]

The distinctive transverse groove between keels characterizes most paradoxosomatids
The constricted gonopod aperture (between arrows), another character of the family

Distribution

Paradoxosomatids occur on every continent except Antarctica, although the only species found in North America north of Mexico are introduced. The so-called

Asiomorpha coarctata (native to Southeast Asia) and Chondromorpha xanthotricha, native to Sri Lanka or southern India.[2]

Classification

Oxidus gracilis
(Paradoxosomatinae, Sulciferini)
A) Riukiupeltis jamashinai, B) Chamberlinius hualienensis and C) C. uenoi (Paradoxosomatinae Chamberliniini), from Japan
Heterocladosoma bifalcatum (Australiosomatinae, Australiosomatini)
Further information: List of Paradoxosomatidae genera

The nearly 1000 valid species of paradoxosomatids are divided into three

subfamilies and 22 tribes. Most species (over 760) belong to the subfamily Paradoxosomatinae.[2]

Subfamily Alogolykinae - two tribes, around 60 species, central, south, and southeast Asia

  • Alogolykini - Myanmar, China, Vietnam, Nepal
  • Polydrepanini - Pakistan, India, Myanmar

Subfamily Australiosomatinae - three tribes, around 140 species, Southeast Asia and Oceania

  • Antichiropodini - Australia, Indonesia
  • Aschistodesmini - New Guinea
  • Australiosomatini - Australia

Subfamily Paradoxosomatinae - 17 tribes, around 760 species, worldwide

  • Catharosomatini - South America
  • Centrodesmini - Indonesia
  • Chamberliniini - Taiwan, Japan
  • Cnemodesmini - Africa
  • Eroonsomatini - Italy, Balkans
  • Eustrongylosomatini - New Guinea, Philippines, Micronesia, Solomon Islands, Seychelles
  • Eviulisomatini - Africa
  • Graphisternini - Peru
  • Nedyopodini - Taiwan, Southeast Asia
  • Orthomorphini - Southeast Asia, some globally widespread
  • Paradoxosomatini - Europe, middle East, Myanmar, China, India
  • Sulciferini - Southeast Asia, some globally widespread species
  • Sundaninini - Southeast Asia
  • Tectoporini - Southeast Asia
  • Tonkinosomatini - Indochina
  • Xanthodesmini - Africa, Pakistan

Select taxa

References

  1. ^ "Paradoxosomatidea Daday, 1889". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved January 18, 2011.
  2. ^
    doi:10.15560/9.6.1132
    .
  3. ^ McCormack, Gerald (2007). "Oxidus gracilis, Short-flange Millipede". Cook Islands Biodiversity Database, Version 2007.2. Cook Islands Natural Heritage Trust, Rarotonga. Retrieved 14 October 2013.
  4. ISBN 978-90-04-07698-3
    .

External links
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paradoxosomatidae&oldid=1094908142"