Title V of the Patriot Act

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Patriot Act Titles
Title I: Enhancing Domestic Security against Terrorism
Title II: Enhanced Surveillance Procedures
Title III:
Title IV: Protecting the border
Title V: Removing obstacles to investigating terrorism
Title VI: Providing for victims of terrorism, public safety officers and their families
Title VII: Increased information sharing for critical infrastructure protection
Title VIII: Strengthening the criminal laws against terrorism
Title IX: Improved intelligence
Title X: Miscellaneous

Title V: Removing obstacles to investigating terrorism is the fifth of ten titles which comprise the

terrorists
.

Payment of rewards

Section 501 of the Patriot Act allows the U.S. Attorney General to pay rewards pursuant of advertisements for assistance to the Department of Justice to combat terrorism and prevent terrorist acts. Rewards over $250,000 may not be made or offered without the personal approval of the Attorney General or President, and once the award is approved the Attorney General must give written notice to the Chairman and ranking minority members of the Committee on Appropriations and the Judiciary of the Senate and of the House of Representatives. These funds can be provided by any

U.S. Executive agency,[1] the U.S. Army, U.S. Navy or the U.S. Air Force.[2]

Section 502 amended the State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956[3] to allow the Department of State to offer rewards, in consultation with the Attorney General, for the full or significant dismantling of any terrorist organization[4] and to identify any key leaders of terrorist organizations.[5] It also amended the Act to give the Secretary of State authority to pay greater than $5 million if the Secretary determines it would prevent terrorist actions against the United States.[6]

DNA identification

The

peonage and slavery, kidnapping, robbery or burglary;[7] or for any military offense against the Uniform Code of Military Justice for which a sentence of confinement for more than one year may be imposed.[8] Section 503 of the Patriot Act amended the DNA Analysis Backlog Elimination Act to include terrorism[9] or crimes of violence[10]
in the list of qualifying Federal offenses.

Coordination with law enforcement

Section 106 of the

electronic surveillance may be used.[11] Section 305 of FISA specifies how foreign intelligence information acquired by Federal officers through physical searches may be used.[12]
Section 504 of the Patriot Act modified FISA to allow Federal officers who acquire information through electronic surveillance or physical searches to consult with Federal law enforcement officers to coordinate efforts to investigate or protect against potential or actual attacks, sabotage or international terrorism or clandestine intelligence activities by an intelligence service or network of a foreign power.

National security authorities

Three national security authorities were modified under title V of the Patriot Act. FISA granted counterintelligence access to telephone toll and transactional records through the use of

consumer reporting agency to provide the FBI the names and addresses of all financial institutions at which a consumer maintains or has maintained an account.[15]

Section 505 of the Patriot Act allowed the use of NSLs to be made by a Special Agent in charge of a Bureau field office. Previously only the Director or the Deputy Assistant Director of the FBI were able to certify such requests. The requests for counterintelligence access to telephone toll and transactional records made under FISA can ask for the name, address, length of service, and local and long distance toll billing records of a subscriber,

first amendment to the Constitution of the United States
".

In 2004, the

US Constitution
. The ACLU's reasoning was that:

  • Section 2709 failed to spell out any legal process whereby a telephone or Internet company could try to oppose an NSL subpoena in court, and
  • Section 2709 prohibited the recipient of an NSL from disclosing that he had received such a request from the FBI, and outweighs the FBI's need for secrecy in counter-terrorism investigations.

The court granted the plaintiff's motion, agreeing that the NSLs violated the Fourth Amendment because their use "effectively bars or substantially deters any judicial challenge to the propriety of an NSL request". The court also found that the prohibitions of disclosure in 18 U.S.C. § 2709(c), which it described as being "unable to sever from the remainder of the statute", was an "unconstitutional prior restraint on speech in violation of the First Amendment".

Extension of Secret Service jurisdiction

Section 1030 of Title 18 of the U.S. Code specifies punishments for various

computer crimes
. This includes unauthorized access via a computer to:

It also includes knowingly committing fraudulent acts using a computer under a number of circumstances.

Section 506 of the Patriot Act gave the

Vice President, President-elect, Vice President-elect, or their families or other related people.[20] The Secret Service was also regiven authority to arrest those who commit bank fraud.[21]

Disclosure of educational records

Wikisource has original text related to this article:

In general, section 444 of the General Education Provisions Act[22] restricts funding for educational institutions who restrict parental access to the educational records of their children, or who release information to members or organisations of the general public about students without the written consent of that student's parents. Section 507 of the Patriot Act added paragraph (j) to the General Education Provisions Act. This paragraph allows the U.S. Attorney General or Assistant Attorney General to collect and retain educational records relevant to an authorized investigation or prosecution of an offense that is defined as a Federal crime of terrorism[23] which are in the possession of an educational agency or institution. The Attorney General or Assistant Attorney General must "certify that there are specific and articulable facts giving reason to believe that the education records are likely to contain information [that a Federal crime of terrorism may be being committed]."[24] An education institution that produces education records in response to such a request is given legal immunity from any liability that rises from such a production of records.

Disclosure of information from NCES surveys

The

repealed by H.R.3801 Archived 2008-10-05 at the Wayback Machine
(Pub. L. 103–382), otherwise known as an Act "[t]o provide for improvement of Federal education research, statistics, evaluation, information, and dissemination, and for other purposes".

See also

References

  1. ^ 5 U.S.C. § 105
  2. ^ 5 U.S.C. § 102
  3. ^ The State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956 is also Public Law 885, August 1, 1956; 22 U.S.C. § 2708
  4. ^ 22 U.S.C. § 2708(b)(5)
  5. ^ 22 U.S.C. § 2708(b)(6)
  6. ^ 22 U.S.C. § 2708(e)(1)
  7. ^ 42 U.S.C. § 14135a(d)(2)
  8. ^ 10 U.S.C. § 1565(d)
  9. ^ Terrorism as defined in 18 U.S.C. § 2332b(g)(5)(B)
  10. ^ Crimes of violence, as defined in 18 U.S.C. § 16
  11. ^ 50 U.S.C. § 1806
  12. ^ 50 U.S.C. § 1825
  13. ^ Defined in 18 U.S.C. § 2709
  14. Right to Financial Privacy Act of 1978
  15. ^ 15 U.S.C. § 1681u, also Section 624 of the Fair Credit Reporting Act
  16. ^ 18 U.S.C. § 2709(b)(1)
  17. ^ 18 U.S.C. § 2709(b)(2)
  18. ^ "American Civil Liberties Union v. Ashcroft (2004)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2004-12-18. Retrieved 2006-08-12.
  19. ^
    Atomic Energy Act
    .
  20. ^ This is defined in 18 U.S.C. §§ 3056–(a)
  21. ^ An amendment was made to 18 U.S.C. § 3056(b)(3), which refers to 18 U.S.C. § 1344 (section on Bank Fraud).
  22. ^ 20 U.S.C. § 1232g
  23. ^ a b A Federal crime of terrorism is defined in 18 U.S.C. § 2332b(g)(5)(B).
  24. ^ 20 U.S.C. § 1232g(j)(2)
  25. ^ So defined in 18 U.S.C. § 2331
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