Arlen Specter
Arlen Specter | |
---|---|
Alan K. Simpson | |
Succeeded by | Jay Rockefeller |
Chair of the Senate Intelligence Committee | |
In office January 3, 1995 – January 3, 1997 | |
Preceded by | Dennis DeConcini |
Succeeded by | Richard Shelby |
19th District Attorney of Philadelphia | |
In office January 3, 1966 – January 7, 1974 | |
Preceded by | James C. Crumlish Jr. |
Succeeded by | F. Emmett Fitzpatrick |
Personal details | |
Born | Wichita, Kansas, U.S. | February 12, 1930
Died | October 14, 2012 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S. | (aged 82)
Political party | Democratic (1951–1965, 2009–2012) Republican (1965–2009) |
Spouse | |
Children | 2 |
Alma mater | University of Pennsylvania (BA) Yale University (LLB) |
Signature | |
Military service | |
Allegiance | United States |
Branch/service | United States Air Force |
Years of service | 1951–1953 |
Rank | First lieutenant |
Arlen Specter (February 12, 1930 – October 14, 2012) was an American lawyer, author and politician who served as a
Specter was born in Wichita, Kansas, to immigrant Russian/Ukrainian Jewish parents. He graduated from the University of Pennsylvania and served with the United States Air Force during the Korean War. Specter later graduated from Yale Law School and opened a law firm with Marvin Katz, who would later become a federal judge. Specter served as assistant counsel for the Warren Commission investigating the assassination of John F. Kennedy and helped formulate the "single-bullet theory". In 1965, Specter was elected District Attorney of Philadelphia, a position that he held until 1973.
During his 30-year Senate career, Specter staked out a spot in the political center.
In 1993, Specter underwent a surgery to remove a brain tumor.
Early life and education
Specter was born in Wichita, Kansas, the youngest child of Lillie (née Shanin) and Harry Specter, who grew up in the Bachkuryne village of Cherkasy Oblast, Ukraine. Specter was Jewish,[8] and wrote in his memoir, Passion for Truth, that his father's family was the only Jewish family in the village.[9] The family lived at 940 South Emporia Street in Wichita before moving to Russell, Kansas, where he graduated from Russell High School in 1947.[10][11] Russell is also the hometown of fellow politician Bob Dole (who graduated from Russell High School in 1941). Specter said that his father weighed items from his junkyard on a scale owned by Dole's father Doran Dole (who owned a granary). He said his brother Morton and Dole's brother Kenny were contemporaries and friends.[11]
Specter's father served in the
Military career
During the Korean War, Specter served stateside in the United States Air Force from 1951 to 1953 and obtained the rank of first lieutenant as an officer in the Air Force Office of Special Investigations.[13][14][15]
Early legal career and personal life
In 1953, he married
Early political career
Involvement with the Warren Commission
Specter worked for the
Initial electoral campaigns
In 1965, Specter ran for Philadelphia district attorney against his former boss, incumbent James C. Crumlish Jr.[1][2] However, the city's Democratic leaders, such as Peter Camiel, did not want Specter as their candidate, so he switched parties and ran as a Republican, prompting Crumlish to call him "Benedict Arlen".[1][2][21] Specter defeated Crumlish by 36,000 votes.[1] Although he was a supporter of capital punishment, as a prosecutor he questioned the fairness of the Pennsylvania death penalty statute in 1972.[22]
In 1967 he was the Republican Party standard bearer, together with City Controller candidate, Tom Gola, in the Philadelphia mayoral campaign against the Democratic incumbent James Tate. Two of their slogans were, "We need THESE guys to watch THOSE guys" and "They're younger, they're tougher, and nobody owns them!"[23] He served two four-year terms as district attorney for the city of Philadelphia, but was handily defeated in his bid for a third term in 1973 by noted criminal defense attorney F. Emmett Fitzpatrick.[24][25]
In
Senate career
In 1988, he co-sponsored an amendment to the
In October 1999, Specter was one of four Senate Republicans to vote in favor of the
On October 11, 2002, Specter voted in favor of
In a 2002 PoliticsPA Feature story designating politicians with yearbook superlatives, he was named the "Toughest to Work For".[32] In 2003, the Pennsylvania Report, a subscription-based political newsletter, described Specter as one of the "vanishing breed of Republican moderates", and described his political stance as "'Pennsylvania first' middle of-the-road politics", even though he was known as an "avid Republican partisan".[33]
Soon after the
When you talk about judges who would change the right of a woman to choose, overturn Roe v. Wade, I think [confirmation] is unlikely. The president is well aware of what happened, when a number of his nominees were sent up, with the filibuster.... And I would expect the president to be mindful of the considerations which I am mentioning.
Activist groups interpreted his comments as warnings to President George W. Bush about the implications of nominating Supreme Court justices who were opposed to the Roe v. Wade decision. Specter maintained that his comments were a prediction, not a warning. He met with many conservative Republican senators, and based on assurances he gave them, he was recommended for the Judiciary Committee's chairmanship in late 2004.[34][35] He officially assumed that position when the 109th Congress convened on January 4, 2005.[36]
On March 9, 2006, a revision of the
Specter was very critical of Bush's
On April 9, 2006, speaking on
During the
My strong preference is for the NFL to activate a Mitchell-type investigation, I have been careful not to call for a Congressional hearing because I believe the NFL should step forward and embrace an independent inquiry and Congress is extraordinarily busy on other matters. If the NFL continues to leave a vacuum, Congress may be tempted to fill it.[41]
Starting in 2007, Specter sponsored legislation
In 2007, Specter co-sponsored the Equal Justice for United States Military Personnel Act of 2007 with Senators Dianne Feinstein (D-Calif.), Hillary Clinton (D-NY) and Russ Feingold (D-Wis.).[42] But the bill failed in the 110th Congress, and Specter again co-sponsored the measure in the 2009 111th Congress.[44] In December 2008, Specter was involved in a controversy as a result of telling "Polish jokes" at New York's Rainbow Room while speaking at the annual meeting of the Commonwealth Club.[45]
Specter voted in favor of the Senate's version of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 on February 10, 2009; he was one of only three Republicans to break ranks with the party and support the bill, which was favored by President Barack Obama and was unanimously supported by the Democratic senators.[46] As a result of his support, many in the Republican mainstream began calling for his removal from office.[47]
Specter was instrumental in ensuring that the act allocated an additional $10 billion to the
In late April 2009, facing a tough Republican primary, Specter switched to the Democratic party which put Democrats on the "precipice" of a 60-seat majority. He was then denied seniority on Senate committees by his Democratic colleagues.[52]
In October 2009, Specter called for the repeal of the
Specter's career in the United States Senate ended on January 3, 2011, after his primary defeat to Joe Sestak. He was succeeded by Republican U.S. Representative Pat Toomey, who won the general election against Sestak.
Committee assignments
Specter was chairman of the
Campaigns
In
1996 presidential bid
On March 31, 1995, Specter announced his candidacy for President of the United States, to challenge the incumbent
His campaign focused on balancing the federal budget, strict crime laws, and establishing relations with
2004 campaign
In 2004, Specter faced a challenge in the Republican
2010 campaign
Specter was up for re-election to the Senate in 2010, and expressed his plans to run again. On March 18, 2009, Specter said that he was not considering running as an independent. He said, "To eliminate any doubt, I am a Republican, and I am running for re-election in 2010 as a Republican on the Republican ticket."[61] Subsequently, Specter's 2004 conservative GOP primary challenger, Pat Toomey, announced he would again run for the Republican nomination in the Republican senatorial primary.[62]
However, on April 28, 2009, Specter stated that, "As the Republican Party has moved farther and farther to the right, I have found myself increasingly at odds with the Republican philosophy and more in line with the philosophy of the Democratic Party".[63] He said that he was switching party affiliation and would run as a Democrat in the 2010 election.[63][64][65]
In the same announcement, Specter also said that he had "surveyed the sentiments of the Republican Party in Pennsylvania and public opinion polls, observed other public opinion polls and have found that the prospects for winning a Republican primary are bleak".
On February 6, 2010, the Pennsylvania Democratic Party overwhelmingly endorsed Specter at the Democratic State Committee's annual endorsement convention, which was held in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.[69] He received more votes than Joe Sestak, winning more than 77% of the Pennsylvania Democratic State Committee members vote, far in excess of the 2/3 threshold needed to claim the endorsement.[70] Sestak, however, went on to win the Democratic primary nomination on May 18.[71]
Following the primary, Specter endorsed Sestak in the general election. Sestak would go on to lose the general election to Toomey.
Political views
According to the National Journal, Specter voted with Democrats 90% of the time after switching parties, while, as a Republican, he split his votes between both parties.[72] According to FiveThirtyEight, during January–March 2009 Specter voted with the Democrats 58% of the time. Following the support of the stimulus package and the entrance of Pat Toomey in the Republican primary, Specter began to vote 16% with Democrats. When switching to become a Democrat, he voted 69% with his new party initially, until Joe Sestak entered the Democratic primary and Specter started to vote with Democrats 97% of the time.[73]
Abortion
Specter stated that he was "personally opposed to abortion", but was "a
LGBT rights
Specter's record on
Gun control
Specter strongly opposed most
Affirmative action
He supported affirmative action, and voted for the Civil Rights Act of 1991, receiving a 76 percent rating from the NAACP in 2008.[80]
Civil rights and U.S. Supreme Court
Specter voted in favor of the
Tax cuts and minimum wage
In 1995, he was the only Republican to vote to limit tax cuts to individuals with incomes of less than one million dollars. He voted against
Illegal immigration
On immigration, Specter supported a "pathway to citizenship" and a "guest worker program", which opponents call amnesty. He introduced Senate bill S. 2611 (the Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2006) on April 6, 2006, which was passed by the Senate on May 25, 2006, before reaching a stalemate in the House.[85]
Health care reform
Public option
On May 3, 2009, Specter went on Meet the Press and was asked, "Would you support health care reform that puts up a government-run public plan to compete with a private plan issued by a private insurance company?" Specter responded with "no."[86][87] Two months later, he changed his position.[88]
Single-payer
Specter believed a single-payer healthcare system should not be "taken off the table", according to an interview he had with John King on CNN.[89]
Votes
On
In May 2012, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center, and Weill Cornell Medical College presented Specter with the annual Public Service Award for his work in expanding mental health care.[91]
Card check
Specter received a 61% rating from the
Privacy; computers
Spurred by the 2010 Robbins v. Lower Merion School District case, in which two high schools admitted to secretly taking 66,000 webcam photos and screenshots of students in their homes on school-issued laptops, Specter held a hearing of the Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on Crime and Drugs on March 29, 2010.[94] He said: "The issue is one of surreptitious eavesdropping. Unbeknownst to people, their movements and activities were under surveillance."[94] He said that Lower Merion's use of laptop cameras for surveillance convinced him that new federal legislation was needed to regulate electronic privacy.[95][96]
Specter then introduced legislation in April 2010 to amend the federal
Many of us expect to be subject to ... video surveillance when we leave our homes and go out each day—at the ATM, at traffic lights, or in stores, for example. What we do not expect is to be under visual surveillance in our homes, in our bedrooms, and, most especially, we do not expect it for our children in our homes.[98]
Other
The Jewish daily newspaper The Forward reported in the wake of the July 2009 organ trafficking scandal in the U.S. involving Rabbi Levy Izhak Rosenbaum of Brooklyn that an Organ Trafficking Prohibition Act of 2009, sponsored by Specter, had yet to be officially introduced in the U.S.[99]
Specter criticized the federal government's policy on cancer, stating the day after Jack Kemp—the 1996 Republican vice presidential nominee and former congressman—died of cancer, that Kemp would still be alive if the federal government had done a better job funding cancer research.[100]
On February 16, 2011, Specter wrote a letter to President Obama. As Chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee, he stated that Jonathan Pollard should be pardoned. He stated, "Unfortunately, spying is not an uncommon practice even between allies and friendly nations."[101]
Electoral history
Post-Senate career
During the fall of 2011, Specter was an adjunct professor at the University of Pennsylvania Law School, where he taught a course on the relationship between Congress and the U.S. Supreme Court, focusing on separation of powers and the confirmation process.[102] For this course the National Jurist named him as one of the "23 professors to take before you die."[103]
Arlen Specter Center for Public Service at Philadelphia University
On December 21, 2011, Specter donated to
The center will be a nonpartisan initiative dedicated to promoting greater understanding of public policy issues both foreign and domestic. The center will strive to accomplish these goals through support for research, educational programming, and exhibitions inspired, in part, by the senator's career and the permanent collection of his historic papers. The center will be managed by the Paul J. Gutman Library at Philadelphia University will be located in Roxboro House, which is located nearby on campus.
Parts of Roxboro House date back to 1799. The Georgian period house constructed of frame and clapboard was expanded in 1810. At one point in its history, Roxboro House was owned by Dr. Caspar Wistar who published the first American textbook of anatomy in 1811. Wistar was president of the American Philosophical Society and his friend, Thomas Nuttall, a famous botanist, named the Wisteria vine after him. In 1965, the Philadelphia Historical Commission added this house to its list of registered buildings (No. 141). Prior to the university's purchase of the property in 1998, the house was being used as a bed and breakfast establishment.
Arlen Specter US Squash Center
Illness and death
On February 16, 2005, Specter announced that he had been diagnosed with an advanced form of
On August 28, 2012, it was announced that Specter was battling a "serious form of cancer" and hospitalized. He was diagnosed six weeks earlier with a new form of the disease.[109] On September 7, 2012, he was released from a Philadelphia hospital, but was expected to return there for additional treatment.[110]
Specter died from complications of
Books
- Specter, Arlen; Katz, Marvin (1967). Police Guide to Search and Seizure Interrogation and Confession. Philadelphia: Chilton Books. OCLC 1312201.
- Murray, John P.; Rubin, H. Ted; Specter, Arlen; Rector, Milton G. (1983). Status Offenders: A Sourcebook. Boys Town, NE: Boys Town Center. OCLC 8785321.
- Specter, Arlen; with Charles Robbins (2000). Passion for Truth: From Finding JFK's Single Bullet to Questioning Anita Hill to Impeaching Clinton. New York: William Morrow. OCLC 45188491.
- Smerconish, Michael A. (2004). Flying Blind: How Political Correctness Continues to Compromise Airline Safety Post 9/11. Foreword: Arlen Specter. Philadelphia: Running Press. OCLC 56512972.
- Specter, Arlen; with Frank J. Scaturro (2008). Never Give In: Battling Cancer in the Senate. New York: St. Martin's Press. OCLC 180751979.
Legislation sponsored or cosponsored
The following table links to the Congressional Record hosted by the Library of Congress. All the specifics and actions taken for each individual piece of legislation that Specter either sponsored or cosponsored can be viewed in detail there. "Original bills" and "'Original amendments" indicate instances where Sen. Specter pledged to support the legislation at the time it was initially introduced and entered into the Senate record, rather than later in the legislative process.
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Note: The numbers for the current session of Congress may no longer reflect the actual numbers as they are still actively in session. The THOMAS database shows Sen. Arlen Specter has withdrawn his one-time support of legislation by adding his cosponsorship to introduced legislation a total of five times during the time this statistic first started being compiled by them:
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See also
- List of American politicians who switched parties in office
- List of United States senators who switched parties
- List of Jewish members of the United States Congress
References
Citations
- ^ a b c d "Former Sen. Specter dies at 82, switched parties, hailed by Washington leaders". Fox News. October 14, 2012.
- ^ a b c "Former senator Arlen Specter dies". The Washington Post. October 14, 2012.
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- ^ Krawczeniuk, Borys (April 28, 2009). "Specter is a marked 'moderate'". The Daily Review. Archived from the original on May 3, 2009.
- ^ Krawczeniuk, Borys (April 28, 2009). "Specter is a marked 'moderate'". The Daily Review. Archived from the original on May 3, 2009.
- ^ "Arlen Specter: The Contrarian". Time. April 14, 2006. Archived from the original on February 12, 2007.
- ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved March 4, 2024.
- ^ "The Associated Press: Longtime GOP Senate moderate Arlen Specter dies". Retrieved October 16, 2012.
- ^ Specter, Passion for Truth, p. 8.
- ISBN 978-0-16-072467-1. Retrieved April 8, 2011.
- ^ a b c "Q&A with Senator Arlen Specter (Penn Law News & Stories)". Law.upenn.edu. March 3, 2011. Retrieved April 8, 2011.
- ^ Specter, Passion for Truth, p. 215.
- ^ "About Arlen Specter: Timeline". United States Senate. Archived from the original on August 26, 2010.
- ISBN 978-0-16-083727-2.
- ^ "Arlen Specter, U.S. Senator". PBS. September 20, 2004. Archived from the original on December 1, 2010. Retrieved March 16, 2011.
- ^ Stritof, Sheri & Bob. "Joan Levy and Arlen Specter". About.com – Marriage. About.com. Archived from the original on April 4, 2013. Retrieved March 30, 2013.
- ^ "Joan Specter's Tough Race". The New York Times. October 29, 1995. Retrieved March 30, 2013.
- ^ Infield, Tom (October 14, 2012). "Sen. Specter dies; his fighting spirit praised". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved March 30, 2013.
- ^ Bugliosi, p. 301–306. "Warren Commission staff lawyer Norman Redlich was asked by author Vincent Bugliosi in 2005 whether Specter was the sole author of the single bullet theory, and he said, 'No, we all came to this conclusion simultaneously.' When asked who he meant by 'we', he said, 'Arlen, myself, Howard Willens, David Belin, and Mel Eisenberg.' Specter did not respond to Bugliosi's request for a clarification on the issue."
- ^ Bugliosi, p.456.
- ^ Mitchell, Andrea (October 14, 2012). "Andrea Mitchell remembers Specter". NBC News.
- ^ "Death Rattles". Time. November 20, 1972. Archived from the original on May 1, 2009.
- ^ Dionne, E. J. (May 24, 2005). "Watch Those Guys". The Washington Post. Retrieved July 16, 2007.
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- SSRN 1339222.
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- ^ Schmitt, Eric (October 14, 1999). "Defeat of a Treaty: The Overview; Senate Kills Test Ban Treaty in Crushing Loss for Clinton; Evokes Versailles Pact Defeat". The New York Times.
- ^ Dewar, Helen (October 14, 1999). "Senate Rejects Test Ban Treaty". The Washington Post.
- ^ "U.S. Senate: Legislation & Records Roll Call Vote". Senate.gov. Archived from the original on February 20, 2011. Retrieved April 8, 2011.
- ^ "Keystone State Yearbook Committee". PoliticsPA. The Publius Group. 2001. Archived from the original on August 3, 2002.
- ^ "The PA Report "Power 75" List" (PDF). Pennsylvania Report. Capital Growth, Inc. January 31, 2003. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 20, 2006.
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- ^ Hurt, Charles (November 17, 2004). "Hatch backs Specter for Judiciary post". The Washington Times.[dead link]
- ^ Toobin, Jeffrey (October 15, 2012). "Arlen Specter and the Supreme Court". The New Yorker. Conde Nast. Retrieved March 18, 2013.
- ^ Lithwick, Dahlia (March 5, 2007). "Specter Detector". Slate. Archived from the original on January 12, 2008. Retrieved January 7, 2008.
- ^ Kiel, Paul (February 6, 2007). "Specter: 'I Do Not Slip Things In'". TPMmuckraker. TPM Media LLC. Archived from the original on July 18, 2008. Retrieved April 30, 2009.
- ^ Jackson, David (April 10, 2006). "Specter urges Bush, Cheney to explain CIA leak". USA Today. Retrieved July 16, 2007.
- ^ "U.S. Senate Roll Call Votes: Bill H.R. 6304". United States Senate website. July 9, 2008. Archived from the original on May 2, 2009. Retrieved April 30, 2009.
- ^ Maske, Mark (June 6, 2008). "Specter Repeats Call for NFL to Hire Outside Investigator". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 29, 2009.
- ^ a b Equal Justice for United States Military Personnel Act of 2007, S.2052 introduced in 110th Congress-Senate (September 17, 2007)
- ^ American Bar Association (August 7–8, 2006). "Resolution 116" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on March 26, 2009. Retrieved April 30, 2009.
- ^ "S. 357: Equal Justice for United States Military Personnel Act of 2009". Thomas website. Library of Congress. January 30, 2009. Archived from the original on October 18, 2015. Retrieved April 30, 2009.
- ^ "Specter Polish Jokes At Luncheon Deemed "Tasteless"". The Huffington Post. December 14, 2008. Retrieved June 13, 2010.
- ^ Schatz, Joseph J. (February 10, 2009). "Senate Passes Stimulus, Setting Up Tough Conference With House". CQPolitics. Congressional Quarterly. Archived from the original on February 12, 2009. Retrieved April 30, 2009.
- ^ Smith, Ben (February 14, 2009). "Ads target 3 Republicans, Lincoln". Politico.com. Retrieved April 30, 2009.
- ^ Harris, Gardiner (February 13, 2009). "Specter, a Fulcrum of the Stimulus Bill, Pulls Off a Coup for Health Money". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 22, 2011. Retrieved April 30, 2009.
- ^ "Pitt Medical Center Wants to Make Vaccines". The Philadelphia Inquirer. August 21, 2009.
- ^ "Is the Current Vaccine Production System Prepared?" (PDF). August 21, 2009.
- ^ David Templeton (August 22, 2009). "UPMC Wants to Make Vaccines".
- ^ Kane, Paul (May 5, 2009). "Senate Democrats Deny Specter Committee Seniority". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 8, 2009.
- ^ Phillips, Kate (October 27, 2009). "Specter calls for repeal of marriage act". The Caucus Blogs of The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 30, 2009. Retrieved October 31, 2009.
- ^ "Specter Introduces Resolution to Televise Supreme Court Proceedings" press release (November 5, 2009)
- ^ Sherman, Jerome L. (March 20, 2007). "Specter says he'll run in 2010 at age 80". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved April 30, 2009.
- ^ "Arlen Specter 1996 Presidential Announcement Speech". 4president.org. March 30, 1995. Retrieved August 29, 2010.
- ^ Berke, Richard L. (March 31, 1995). "Joining Race, Specter Attacks the Right". The New York Times.
- ^ Jaffe, Alexandra (March 19, 2012). "Santorum: Backing Specter 'wasn't one of my prouder moments'". National Journal. Washington D.C. Archived from the original on June 2, 2013. Retrieved March 18, 2013 – via HighBeam Research.
- Sabato, Larry J. (October 22, 2004). "Republican Specter defends his seat against Joe Hoeffel". Crystal Ball. University of Virginia. Archived from the originalon February 13, 2008. Retrieved April 30, 2009.
- ^ Samad, Farouk (September 27, 2004). "Hoeffel trails Specter by large margin in Senate race". The Daily Pennsylvanian. Archived from the original on May 4, 2009. Retrieved April 30, 2009.
- ^ Fitzgerald, Thomas (March 19, 2009). "Specter staying on Republican ticket". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Archived from the original on May 1, 2009. Retrieved April 28, 2009.
- ^ Turner, Trish (April 15, 2009). "Specter faces conservative challenge from familiar foe". Fox News. Archived from the original on April 21, 2009. Retrieved April 28, 2009.
- ^ a b c "Longtime GOP Sen. Arlen Specter becomes Democrat". CNN. April 28, 2009. Archived from the original on May 2, 2009. Retrieved April 28, 2009.
- ^ Cillizza, Chris (April 28, 2009). "Specter to switch parties". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 28, 2009.
- ^ Hulse, Carl (April 28, 2009). "Specter switches parties". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 30, 2009. Retrieved April 28, 2009.
- ^ a b "Little-Known GOP Challenger Tops Specter in Primary, Quinnipiac University Pennsylvania Poll Finds; Support For Obama Plan Helps Among Democrats". Quinnipiac University. March 25, 2009. Archived from the original on May 4, 2009. Retrieved April 29, 2009.
- ^ Fitzgerald, Thomas (March 26, 2009). "Two polls show challenges for Specter". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved April 29, 2009.[dead link]
- ^ "Specter bolts the GOP". Firstread.msnbc.msn.com. April 29, 2009. Archived from the original on July 9, 2012. Retrieved June 13, 2010.
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- Politico. May 18, 2010.
- ^ "Pennsylvania's Specter runs again like he's the underdog | McClatchy". Mcclatchydc.com. Archived from the original on September 5, 2012. Retrieved June 13, 2010.
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- ^ "Specter: I'm pro-choice... But I don't make the decisions". CNN. November 9, 2004. Archived from the original on April 25, 2009. Retrieved April 30, 2009.
- NARAL Pro-Choice America. Archived from the original(PDF) on October 19, 2012. Retrieved August 28, 2012.
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- ^ Delano, Jon. "Specter Says No To Automatic Weapons Ban". KDKA-TV website. CBS. Archived from the original on May 3, 2009. Retrieved April 28, 2009.
- ^ "The Federal Civil Rights Legislative Report Card for the 110th Congress (2007–2008)" (PDF). NAACP. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 27, 2009. Retrieved July 7, 2009.
- ^ "TO PASS H.R. 3706. (MOTION PASSED) SEE NOTE(S) 19".
- ^ "TO PASS S 557, CIVIL RIGHTS RESTORATION ACT, A BILL TO RESTORE THE BROAD COVERAGE AND CLARIFY FOUR CIVIL RIGHTS LAWS BY PROVIDING THAT IF ONE PART OF AN INSTITUTION IS FEDERALLY FUNDED, THEN THE ENTIRE INSTITUTION MUST NOT DISCRIMINATE".
- ^ "TO ADOPT, OVER THE PRESIDENT'S VETO OF S 557, CIVIL RIGHTS RESTORATION ACT, A BILL TO RESTORE BROAD COVERAGE OF FOUR CIVIL RIGHTS LAWS BY DECLARING THAT IF ONE PART OF AN INSTITUTION RECEIVES FEDERAL FUNDS, THEN THE ENTIRE INSTITUTION MUST NOT DISCRIMINATE. TWO-THIRDS OF THE SENATE, HAVING VOTED IN THE AFFIRMATIVE, OVERRODE THE PRESIDENTIAL VETO".
- ^ Witcover, Jules. Joe Biden: a life of trial and redemption, page 429 (HarperCollins, 2010).
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- ^ Schor, Elana (March 24, 2009). "Specter: I'll Vote No on Employee Free Choice Act". Talking Points Memo. Archived from the original on December 6, 2012. Retrieved April 30, 2009.
- ^ a b "Pa. school spy case sparks fight over money". Network World. Archived from the original on March 23, 2010. Retrieved August 12, 2010.
- ^ Maryclaire Dale (March 29, 2010). "Specter pushes in Pa. for electronic privacy laws". SignOnSanDiego.com. Retrieved August 13, 2010.
- ^ Rao, Maya (March 29, 2010). "Specter wants to extend U.S. privacy curbs to Web-cam use". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved August 13, 2010. Alt URL Archived June 15, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "No need for Candid Cameras". The Philadelphia Inquirer. April 22, 2010. Archived from the original on April 26, 2010. Retrieved August 28, 2012.
- ^ Martin, John P. (April 16, 2010). "1,000s of Web cam images, suit says". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Archived from the original on April 18, 2010. Retrieved August 13, 2010.
- ^ Guttman, Nathan (August 5, 2009). "Kidney Donation Scandal Sparks New Debate Over Specter's Organ Legislation". The Forward.
- ^ "Specter Claims Kemp Would Be Alive if Congress Better Funded Medical Research". Fox News. May 4, 2009.
- ^ Hoffman, Gil Stern (February 22, 2011). "Arlen Spector says Obama should free Pollard". Jerusalem Post. Retrieved July 25, 2017.
- ^ "Senator Arlen Specter to Teach at the University of Pennsylvania Law School | Penn News". Upenn.edu. January 4, 2011. Archived from the original on October 11, 2012. Retrieved April 8, 2011.
- ^ "National Jurist – March 2011". Nxtbook.com. Retrieved October 16, 2012.
- ^ Snyder, Susan (March 4, 2013). "Arlen Specter collection heading west". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved March 4, 2013.
- ^ Media, Squash (October 4, 2019). "Construction Underway at Arlen Specter US Squash Center". Squash Magazine. Retrieved February 15, 2021.
- ^ "Specter Announces Cancer Recurrence". The New York Times. Associated Press. April 16, 2008. Retrieved April 28, 2009.
- ^ "Arlen Specter's Hodgkin's disease returns". CNN. April 15, 2008. Archived from the original on April 25, 2009. Retrieved April 29, 2009.
- ^ "Specter finishes chemotherapy". Pennlive.com. Associated Press. July 14, 2008. Archived from the original on July 25, 2012. Retrieved April 29, 2009.
- ^ "Source: Former Sen. Arlen Specter battling for his life". CNN. Retrieved August 28, 2012.
- ^ "Arlen Specter Released, Has Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma". Associated Press. Retrieved September 7, 2012.
- ^ Rucker, Philip (October 14, 2012). "Arlen Specter dies; he was Pennsylvania's longest-serving senator". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 14, 2012.
- ^ Jackson, Peter (October 14, 2012). "Longtime Gop Senate Moderate Arlen Specter Dies". Associated Press. Archived from the original on October 15, 2012. Retrieved October 14, 2012.
- National Archives.
Cited work
- Bugliosi, Vincent (2007). Reclaiming History: The Assassination of President John F. Kennedy. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
Further reading
- Fenno, Richard E. Jr. (1991). Learning to Legislate: the Senate Education of Arlen Specter. Washington, D.C.: CQ Press. OCLC 23766048.
External links
- Biography at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
- Financial information (federal office) at the Federal Election Commission
- Profile at Vote Smart
- Appearances at the U.S. Supreme Court from the Oyez Project
- Interactive timeline
- Appearances on C-SPAN
- Articles
- "After Yale, Specter Still a Force", Andrew Mangino, Yale Daily News, September 23, 2005
- "Tale of injustice" Archived September 29, 2007, at the Sarasota Herald Tribune, July 16, 2007
- "Specter: Reagan's GOP Is Gone" by Mark Trumbull, The Christian Science Monitor, May 3, 2009
- "The Need to Roll Back Presidential Power Grabs", by Arlen Specter, The New York Review of Books, May 14, 2009