Paul Du Chaillu
Paul Du Chaillu | |
---|---|
St. Petersburg, Russia | |
Nationality | American |
Occupation(s) | Explorer, anthropologist |
Known for | "Discovery" of gorilla, Pygmy people |
Paul Belloni Du Chaillu (July 31, 1831 (disputed) – April 29, 1903) was a French-American traveler,
Early life and parentage
There are conflicting reports of both the year and place of Du Chaillu's birth. The year is variously given as 1831 (the consensus of modern scholars),[1][2][3] 1835, or 1839; the date when given is July 31. Accounts usually cite either Paris or New Orleans[3] as his likely place of birth. A contemporary obituary quotes a statement made by Du Chaillu referring to "the United States, my country by adoption, and ... France, my native land."[4] His entry in the 1901-1902 edition of Marquis Who's Who — which was based on information he supplied directly to the editors — says 1838 in New Orleans.[5] His grave marker identifies his place of birth as Louisiana, and the year as 1839.
In his youth, he accompanied his father, a French trader in the employment of a Parisian firm, to the west coast of Africa where, at a station on the Gabon, he was educated by missionaries and acquired an interest in and knowledge of the country, its natural history, its natives, and their languages before emigrating to the U.S. in 1852.[8]
Africa
He was sent in 1855 by the
A subsequent expedition, from 1863 to 1865, enabled him to confirm the accounts given by the ancients of a
At the time, he was in great demand on the public lecture circuits of New York, London, and Paris. Although there were initial challenges of his accounts, they came to be accepted, although Encyclopædia Britannica speculated that "possibly some of the adventures he described as happening to himself were reproductions of the hunting stories of natives."[8]
In addition to his zoological work on gorillas, Du Chaillu collected and identified a number of new species to science. He was the first person to scientifically describe the giant otter shrew (Potamogale velox), taking precedence over John Edward Gray's description of the same animal as a mouse instead. He also collected the type specimens for the southern needle-clawed bushbaby (Euoticus elegantulus), the hammer-headed bat (Hypsignathus monstrosus), and the African pygmy squirrel (Myosciurus pumilio), all West African species. Despite not being an ornithological collector, he collected the types specimens for thirty-nine valid species of African birds.[10] Du Chaillu collected the type series of Amnirana albolabris (Hallowell, 1856) from Gabon.
Northern Europe
After some years' residence in America, during which he wrote several books for the young based on his African adventures, Du Chaillu turned his attention to northern Europe.
His 1889 work The Viking Age,
Personal life
Du Chaillu was a friend of
He died following a stroke of paralysis at
References
- ^ Bucher 1979, pp. 17.
- ^ "It May Be Truth, but It Is Not Evidence": Paul du Chaillu and the Legitimation of Evidence in the Field Sciences, Stuart McCook, Osiris, 2nd Series, Vol. 11, Science in the Field (1996), pp. 177-197
- ^ a b Miller, John William. "Paul Belloni Du Chaillu". The Literary Encyclopedia. Retrieved March 12, 2013.
- E. G. Ravenstein, The Geographical Journal, Vol. 21, No. 6 (Jun., 1903), pp. 680-681
- archive.org
- ^ Clodd 1926, pp. 71–4.
- ^ Bucher 1979, pp. 28–30.
- ^ a b c d e f public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Du Chaillu, Paul Belloni". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 629. One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
- ^ "About us". Museums Victoria.
- ^ Conniff 2011, pp. 301–2.
- ^ Chaillu, Paul Belloni Du (27 April 1882). "The Land of the Midnight Sun: Summer and Winter Journeys Through Sweden, Norway, Lapland and Northern Finland". Harper & brothers – via Google Books.
- ^ Chaillu, Paul Belloni Du (27 April 1889). "The Viking Age: The Early History, Manners, and Customs of the Ancestors of the English Speaking Nations ..." C. Scribner's sons – via Google Books.
- ^ "Review of The Viking Age by Paul B. Du Chaillu". The Quarterly Review. 170: 347–369. April 1890.
- ^ Conniff 2011, pp. 303.
- Obituary of Paul Du Chaillu, The Times, 1 May 1903.
- R.A.D. Markham, A Rhino in High Street (Ipswich 1991). (Illustration of gorillas).
- Bucher, Henry H., Jr. (1979), "Canonization by repetition: Paul du Chaillu in historiography", Revue Française d'Histoire d'Outre-Mer, 66 (242): 15–32, doi:10.3406/outre.1979.2174).
{{citation}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - Clodd, Edward (1926), Memories, London: Watts & Co..
- Conniff, Richard (2011), The Species Seekers: Heroes, Fools, and the Mad Pursuit of Life on Earth, New York: ISBN 978-0-393-06854-2.
- Du Chaillu, Paul (1899), Adventures in the great forest of equatorial Africa and the country of the dwarfs, New York and London: Harper and Brothers.
- Reel, Monte (2013), Between Man and Beast, ISBN 978-0385534222.
External links
Media related to Paul Belloni Du Chaillu at Wikimedia Commons
- Works by Paul Du Chaillu at Project Gutenberg
- Works by or about Paul Belloni Du Chaillu at Internet Archive
- Works by Paul Du Chaillu at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)