Penghulu
Penghulu (
Etymology
The word penghulu comes from agentive prefix peng-, and the word hulu, meaning "head", and could be translated as "headman". It is cognate with the Tagalog pangulo – the official title of the President of the Philippines.
History
Traditionally, the
Between 1821 and 1838 (the
Current usage
Brunei
In Brunei, penghulu is an administrative post and is the community leader of a mukim or subdistrict, the second-level administrative division below district which consists of several towns or locally known as kampong (village) (Malay: daerah). Until 2015, Appointment of penghulu decided by District Office after receiving recommendations from members of Mukim Consultative Council.[4] After 2015, appointment of penghulus are conducted through local elections by each of the mukims citizen upon reaching 18 years old and more.[3]
Philippines
In the Philippines, the cognate 'Pangulo' is the Filipino word for 'President'.
See also
References
- ^ Ricklefs, M.C. (2008). History of Modern Indonesia Since c. 1200. Stanford University Press. p. 173.
- ^ Ricklefs, M.C. (2008). History of Modern Indonesia Since c. 1200. Stanford University Press. p. 173.
- ^ a b Pang, Li Li (March 2018). Penghulus and Ketua Kampongs: Relevancy and Challenges in Brunei Darussalam (PDF). Asian Association for Public Administration Annual Conference. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research. Vol. 191. Yogyakarta: Atlantis Press. p. 174. Retrieved 2021-07-27.
- ^ Pang, Li Li (March 2018). Penghulus and Ketua Kampongs: Relevancy and Challenges in Brunei Darussalam (PDF). Asian Association for Public Administration Annual Conference. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research. Vol. 191. Yogyakarta: Atlantis Press. p. 179. Retrieved 2021-07-27.