Peter Sutherland
Peter Sutherland GATT) | |
---|---|
Succeeded by | Renato Ruggiero |
European Commissioner for Competition | |
In office 7 January 1985 – 5 January 1989 | |
President | Jacques Delors |
Preceded by | Frans Andriessen |
Succeeded by | Leon Brittan |
19th Attorney General of Ireland | |
In office 30 June 1981 – 9 March 1982 | |
Taoiseach | Garret FitzGerald |
Preceded by | Anthony J. Hederman |
Succeeded by | Patrick Connolly |
In office 15 December 1982 – 12 December 1984 | |
Taoiseach | Garret FitzGerald |
Preceded by | John L. Murray |
Succeeded by | John Rogers |
Personal details | |
Born | Peter Denis Sutherland 25 April 1946 Foxrock, Dublin, Ireland |
Died | 7 January 2018 Dublin, Ireland | (aged 71)
Resting place | Kilternan Cemetery Park, Dublin |
Political party | Fine Gael |
Spouse |
Maruja (m. 1971) |
Children | 3 |
Education | Gonzaga College |
Alma mater | University College Dublin |
Peter Denis Sutherland (25 April 1946 – 7 January 2018) was an Irish businessman, barrister and
Sutherland was the UN Special Representative of the Secretary-General for International Migration until March 2017.[1][2] Appointed in January 2006, he was responsible for the creation of the Global Forum on Migration and Development (GFMD).[1] He also served as President of the International Catholic Migration Commission, as well as a member of the Migration Advisory Board of the International Organization for Migration. He was a board member of Wallenberg-owned ABB and the Wallenbergs' conglomerate holding company, Investor AB.
A
Early and personal life
Sutherland was born in Dublin in 1946 to William George Sutherland and Barbara Sutherland (
Political career
Attorney General of Ireland
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Sutherland was appointed Attorney General of Ireland in June 1981, serving until March 1982. He retook the post from December 1982 to December 1984.[8]
European Commissioner
Sutherland was appointed to the European Commission (EC) in 1985 and had responsibility for competition policy and, initially for 1985 only, also for education. He said that he was especially pleased to have proposed the establishment of the Erasmus Programme that allows European university students to study in other member states.[9]
He was chairman of the Committee that produced the Sutherland Report on the completion of the
Sutherland was the youngest ever European Commissioner. He served in the first Delors Commission, where he played a crucial role in opening up European competition, particularly in the airline, telecoms, and energy sectors. He also played a major role in reinforcing state aid control, notably through the high-profile Boussac case.[11]
GATT/WTO
In 1993, he became Director-General of the
A 2013 book by Craig VanGrasstek of the Harvard Kennedy School, published by the WTO, The History and Future of the World Trade Organization,[14] details Sutherland's role in the formation and establishment of the body.
On the elevation of the role of director-general, VanGrasstek writes, "The office is shaped to a great degree by the person who occupies it, and Director-General Peter Sutherland – who served both as the last GATT director-general and the first WTO director-general – redefined the role and the links between that office and the leadership in the members in a way that gave him and his successors additional options for the conduct of negotiations".[14]: 46 Sutherland was instrumental in elevating the office of director-general to one that dealt directly with presidents and prime ministers, not just ministers, a key factor in the success of negotiations and the political esteem of the body going forward.[14]: 85 He served as Chairman of the Advisory Council to the Director-General, which produced the report on the future of the WTO, published in 2005.[15]
Business career
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![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Bergsten%2C_Sutherland%2C_Summers_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_1997.jpg/220px-Bergsten%2C_Sutherland%2C_Summers_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_1997.jpg)
Sutherland was the chairman of Allied Irish Banks (AIB) from 1989 until 1993.[16][3]
He was non-executive chairman of
Until June 2009, he was non-executive chairman of
He served on the
He was chairman of the Board of Governors of the European Institute of Public Administration (Maastricht) from 1991 to 1996.[20] He was also Honorary President of the European Movement Ireland.[21]
He was a member of the
He produced the Sutherland Report for the Portuguese government on the
He was President of the
In 2002, Sutherland was elected a member of the Royal Irish Academy (MRIA).[26]
He was a member of the Commission on Human Security set up by the Japanese government that reported to the United Nations in 2003.[27]
In 2005, he was appointed as Goodwill Ambassador for the United Nations Industrial Development Organization.[28] In Spring 2006 he was appointed Chair of the London School of Economics (LSE) Council commencing in 2008,[29] a position he held until February 2015.
Sutherland also served on the International Advisory Board of IESE Business School,[30] the graduate business school of Spain's University of Navarra.
In January 2006, he was appointed by UN secretary-general Kofi Annan as his Special Representative for Migration. In this position, he was responsible for promoting the establishment of a Global Forum on Migration and Development, a state-led effort open to all UN members to help governments better understand how migration can benefit their development goals. UN member states acclaimed the Global Forum at the UN High-Level Dialogue on International Migration and Development in September 2006, and would be launched in Brussels in July 2007.[needs update]
On 5 December 2006, he was appointed as Consultor of the Extraordinary Section of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See (a financial adviser to the Vatican).[31] He received a Papal knighthood for his service, in 2008 (KCSG).[32]
Sutherland was also co-chairman of the
In May 2012, Sutherland was named Honorary President of the European Policy Centre,[34] a Brussels-based independent think tank.[35]
Later years
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Peter-Sutherland-2011.jpg/170px-Peter-Sutherland-2011.jpg)
In an interview with
For Sutherland, a Europhile, the worst part about his illness was missing the "mortal combat" of fighting for the Yes vote in the second Lisbon referendum.[36]
Sutherland visited
In November 2010, he renewed his involvement in trade issues when he was appointed co-chair of an Experts Group created by the heads of government of Germany, Great Britain, Indonesia and Turkey to report on the priority actions to combat protectionism and to boost global trade. The Trade Experts Group's interim report was launched at Davos on 28 January 2011.[37]
Kofi Annan twice offered him the job of United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, a fact, he said, that he had never disclosed publicly before, but he declined both times due to other commitments. He cited his work at GATT and the introduction of the Erasmus student exchange programme when he briefly held the education portfolio at the Commission in 1986 as his two most rewarding achievements.[36]
Death
In September 2016, Sutherland suffered a heart attack while attending mass at a Catholic church in London.[38] Six months later, he resigned from his post as UN Special Representative of the Secretary-General for International Migration because of poor health.[citation needed] After a long illness, Sutherland died in Dublin on 7 January 2018, of complications from an infection, aged 71.[39]
Immigration policy
Sutherland strongly advocated
(a) that "at the most basic level individuals should have freedom of choice" about working and studying in other countries and that EU states should stop targeting "highly skilled" migrants (and, conversely, placing restrictions on low-skilled migrants). Sutherland also argued (b) that migration is a "crucial dynamic for economic growth" and that this is the case "however difficult it may be to explain this to the citizens of those states". Sutherland's stated opinions on policy were (a) that "it was fundamentally important for states to cooperate on migration policy rather than developing their own policies in isolation as 'no state is or can be an island'"[40]
(b) that
(c) that "the European Union, in my view, should be doing its best to undermine" any "sense of our homogeneity and difference from others". An ageing or declining native population in countries like Germany or southern EU states was the "key argument and, I hesitate to the use word because people have attacked it, for the development of multicultural states", he added.[41]
Sutherland restated his view in the syndicated article co-authored with Cecilia Malmström titled "Europe's Immigration Challenge", the opening paragraph of which declares:
Europe faces an immigration predicament. Mainstream politicians, held hostage by xenophobic parties, adopt anti-immigrant rhetoric to win over a fearful public, while the foreign-born are increasingly marginalized in schools, cities and at the workplace. Yet, despite high unemployment across much of the Continent, too many employers lack the workers they need. Engineers, doctors and nurses are in short supply; so, too, are farmhands and health aides. And Europe can never have enough entrepreneurs, whose ideas drive economies and create jobs.[42]
In June 2014, Sutherland was appointed President of the International Catholic Migration Commission (ICMC).[43]
Honours, awards and honorary doctorates
Sutherland received fifteen honorary doctorates from universities in Europe and America.[6]
Orders
- Grand Cross of Order of Civil Merit (Spain, 1989)
- Knight of the Legion of Honour (France, 1993)
- Grand Cross of Order of Leopold II (Belgium, 1989)
- Commandeur of the Order of Ouissam Alaouite (Morocco, 1994)
- Order of Rio Branco (Brazil, 1996)
- Grand Cross of the Order of Infante Dom Henrique(Portugal, 1998)
- Honorary Knighthood of the Order of St Michael and St George (UK, 2004)
- Knight Commander of the Order of St Gregory (con placca) (Holy See, 2008)
- Knight Commander's cross, Order of the Polar Star (Sweden, 2014)
Other
- Honorary Fellow of OXONIA, The Oxford Institute for Economic Policy[45]
- Honorary Doctorate of Law, St Louis University(1985)
- The Gold Medal of the European Parliament (1988)
- Robert Schuman Medal, EPP Group (1988)
- The First European Law Prize (Paris, 1988)
- European Person of the Year Award (1988)
- The David Rockefeller International Leadership Award (1998)
- The Irish People of the Year Award (1989)
- New Zealand 1990 Commemoration Medal (1990)
- Honorary Doctorate of Law, National University of Ireland (1990)[46]
- The Consumer for World Trade Annual Award (1994)
- Honorary Doctorate of Law, University of Bath (1995)
- The Dean's Medal, Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania(1996)
- Honorary Doctorate of Law, University of Reading (1997)[47]
- Honorary Doctorate of Law, University of Nottingham (1999)
- Honorary Doctorate of Law, University of Exeter (2000)[48]
- Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement (2002), presented by the Taoiseach, Bertie Ahern, at the International Achievement Summit in Dublin[49][50]
- Foundation Day Medal, University College Dublin (2004)
- Honorary Doctorate of Law, Queen's University Belfast (2004)[51]
- Honorary Doctorate of Letters, University of Sussex (2008)[52]
- Lifetime Achievement Award, Ireland Chamber of Commerce USA (2009)[53]
- Honorary Fellowship of the London School of Business
- Honorary Vice President of the University College Dublin Law Society (2011)
- Honorary Fellow of St Benet's Hall, Oxford (2013)
- Thomas KettleAward (2016)
References
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- ^ "Secretary-General Appoints Louise Arbour of Canada Special Representative for International Migration | Meetings Coverage and Press Releases" (Press release). United Nations. Archived from the original on 25 April 2017. Retrieved 24 April 2017.
- ^ a b "WTO | former director-general Peter Sutherland". Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
- from the original on 26 August 2021. Retrieved 1 March 2016.
- ^ "SUTHERLAND, Barbara: Death". Irish Times Family Notices. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
- ^ a b c "Biography". Peter Sutherland. Archived from the original on 17 November 2020. Retrieved 26 August 2021.
- ^ Egan, Barry (4 October 2009). "Private jets fly south for Sutherland marriage". Irish Independent. Archived from the original on 18 August 2021. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
- ^ "Peter Sutherland: Former attorney general who headed world trade body". The Irish Times. 7 January 2018. Archived from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
- ^ "Katherine Donnelly: A world of opportunity has opened up for all". Irish Independent. 18 September 2017. Archived from the original on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
- ^ Sutherland, Peter (1992). The Internal Market after 1992: Meeting the Challenge. Report presented to the Commission by the High Level Group on the functioning of the Internal Market. (commonly called the Sutherland Report). Archive of European Integration (Report). Archived from the original on 20 March 2012. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
- ISBN 978-1-138-72942-1.
- ^ "Leadership at a Time of Transition and Turbulence – A conversation with Peter Sutherland KCMG". Barnard's Inn: Gresham College. 8 March 2011. Archived from the original on 19 August 2021. Retrieved 19 August 2021.
- ISBN 978-1-4094-5637-7. Archived from the original(PDF) on 8 January 2016.
- ^ ISBN 978-92-870-3871-5.
- ^ The Future of the WTO (PDF) (Report). 2005. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 April 2017. Retrieved 19 August 2021.
- ^ "Chairman of Allied Irish Banks". Peter Sutherland. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013.
- ^ "Governance". Bilderberg Meetings. Archived from the original on 11 March 2014. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
- ^ "Trilateral Commission Membership". Archived from the original on 13 June 2010. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
- ^ "European Round Table of Industrialists". Archived from the original on 10 March 2008.
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- ^ "European Movement Ireland". Archived from the original on 8 December 2008.
- ^ "CE discusses economic issues with international advisers" (Press release). 6 November 2003. Archived from the original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 27 August 2010.
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- ^ "BNE Party Conference Programme". Business for New Europe. Archived from the original on 12 April 2010. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
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- ^ "BP Chairman Peter Sutherland UNIDO Goodwill Ambassador". Vienna, Austria: United Nations Industrial Development Organization. 2 March 2005. Archived from the original on 24 March 2008. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
- ^ "Lecture by Peter Sutherland, Wednesday 22 November" (Press release). London School of Economics. 23 November 2006. Archived from the original on 7 December 2008. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
- ^ "Prince of Spain Welcomes IESE Advisory Board Members". IESE News. IESE Business School. 21 April 2006. Archived from the original on 23 April 2008. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
- ^ Martinson, Jane (19 January 2007). "OK, he chairs BP, but really he wants to run Europe". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
- ^ "Peter Sutherland: Former attorney general who headed world trade body". The Irish Times. Retrieved 22 April 2024.
- ^ Final Report of the High Level Trade Experts Group (Report). BIS. Archived from the original on 28 May 2011.
- ^ "Named Honorary President of the European Policy Centre". Peter Sutherland. Archived from the original on 19 October 2016. Retrieved 26 August 2021.
- ^ "EPC – European Policy Centre – Independent think tank". Archived from the original on 11 October 2013. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
- ^ a b c d e "The ultimate social networker". The Irish Times. 30 January 2010. Archived from the original on 20 October 2012. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
- ^ "DAVOS 2011: Trade Experts Group Report Launched". ACET. 3 February 2011. Archived from the original on 11 August 2011.
- ^ "Tributes paid to former attorney general Sutherland". RTÉ News. 7 January 2018. Archived from the original on 26 August 2021. Retrieved 26 August 2021.
- ^ "Peter Sutherland, former Irish attorney general, dies aged 71". BBC News. 7 January 2018. Archived from the original on 24 August 2021. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
- ^ The EU's Global Approach to Migration and Mobility (PDF). UK Parliament. p. 48. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 October 2016. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
- ^ "EU should 'undermine national homogeneity' says UN migration chief". BBC News. 21 June 2012. Archived from the original on 19 January 2021. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
- ^ Sutherland, Peter & Cecilia Malmström (20 July 2012). "Europe's Immigration Challenge". Project Syndicate. Archived from the original on 18 August 2021. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
- ^ "Appointed President of the International Catholic Migration Commission". Peter Sutherland. Archived from the original on 19 October 2016. Retrieved 26 August 2021.
- ^ "Peter Sutherland: 25 April 1946 – 7 January 2018". University College Dublin. Retrieved 22 April 2024.
- ^ "Oxonia > Who We Are > People". Archived from the original on 7 February 2012. Retrieved 26 August 2021.
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{{cite book}}
:|website=
ignored (help) - ^ "Honorary degrees". Times Higher Education (THE). 25 July 1997. Archived from the original on 26 September 2012. Retrieved 26 August 2021.
- ^ Robinson, Debbie (n.d.). "Honorary Graduates of the University – Calendar – University of Exeter". Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 26 August 2021.
- ^ "Golden Plate Awardees". Academy of Achievement. Archived from the original on 15 December 2016. Retrieved 26 August 2021.
- ^ "Summits". Academy of Achievement. Archived from the original on 5 September 2021. Retrieved 26 August 2021.
- ^ Royal Irish Academy Annual Report 2002–2003 (Report). Archived from the original on 3 June 2013.
- ^ "Lord Attenborough bows out at Summer Graduation". archive.sussex.ac.uk (Press release). 24 July 2008. Archived from the original on 10 June 2017. Retrieved 26 August 2021.
- ^ "The Ireland Chamber – The American Celtic Ball Honorees 2008". Archived from the original on 21 January 2011.
- ^ "Minister gives green light for new school of law at UCD". UCD News. 31 July 2008. Archived from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
- ^ "UCD officially opens €25 million Law School named after Peter Sutherland". UCD News. 2 December 2013. Archived from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
External links
- Lord Woolf's Inquiry into the LSE and Libya, March 2011
- The Archive of Peter Sutherland
- Peter Sutherland's Commission Papers and three interviews with him (INT670, INT273 and INT274), deposited at the Historical Archives of the European Union