Phlius

Coordinates: 37°50′47″N 22°38′57″E / 37.846299°N 22.649131°E / 37.846299; 22.649131
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Location of Phlius

Phlius (

Clazomenae; among the settlers at Samos was Hippasus, from whom Pythagoras derived his descent.[9]

Like most of the other Doric states, Phlius was governed by an aristocracy, though it was for a time subject to a tyrant Leon, a contemporary of Pythagoras.

Sparta and a member of the Peloponnesian League. During the whole of the Peloponnesian War it remained faithful to Sparta and hostile to Argos.[13]

Classical Phlius

Phlius remained as a stalwart ally of Sparta during the Peloponnesian War, although it refrained from sending out large detachments of men from its otherwise limited population of around 5,000 male citizens.[14] This pro-Spartan alliance was largely a result of Phliousian fears of Argive expansion, as Argos sought to assert itself in the Peloponnesus. It is likely that despite its alliance with Sparta, Phlius was a democratic state at the turn of the 4th century, although this later changed following episodes of stasis in the city.[15]

Like many other cities of ancient Greece, Phlius fell into civil strife between a

Isthmus, were persuaded by the Phliasian exiles to assist them in capturing the city. During the night the exiles stole to the foot of the acropolis; and in the morning when the scouts stationed by the citizens on the hill Tricaranum announced that the enemy were in sight, the exiles seized the opportunity to scale the acropolis, of which they obtained possession. They were, however, repulsed in their attempt to force their way into the town, and were eventually obliged to abandon the citadel also. The Arcadians and Argives were at the same time repulsed from the walls.[21] In the following year Phlius was exposed to a still more formidable attack from the Theban commander at Sicyon, assisted by Euphron, tyrant of that city. The main body of the army descended from Tricaranum to the Heraeum which stood at the foot of the mountain, in order to ravage the Phliasian plain. At the same time a detachment of Sicyonians and Pellenians were posted northeast of the acropolis before the Corinthian gate to hinder the Phliasians from attacking them in their rear. But the main body of the troops was repulsed; and being unable to join the detachment of Sicyonians and Pellenians in consequence of a ravine (Φαράγξ), the Phliasians attacked and defeated them with loss.[22]

After the death of Alexander the Great, Phlius, like many of the other Peloponnesian cities, became subject to tyrants; but upon the organisation of the Achaean League by Aratus of Sicyon, Cleonymus, who was then tyrant of Phlius, voluntarily resigned his power, and the city joined the league.[23]

Phlius is celebrated in the history of literature as the birthplace of Pratinas, the inventor of the Satyric drama, and who contended with Aeschylus for the prize at Athens. In the agora of Phlius was the tomb of Aristias, the son of Pratinas.[24] It was also the hometown of Plato's female student Axiothea of Phlius.

Pausanias, who visited in the 2nd century, says that on the acropolis of Phlius was a temple of

Ganymeda, in a cypress grove, which enjoyed the right of asylum. There was also a temple of Demeter on the acropolis. On descending from the citadel there stood on the right a temple of Asclepius, and below it the theatre and another temple of Demeter. In the agora there were also other public buildings.[25]

The site of ancient Phlius is located near the modern Nemea.[26][27]

See also

References

  1. ^ Strabo. Geographica. Vol. viii. p.382. Page numbers refer to those of Isaac Casaubon's edition.
  2. ^ Athen. 1.27d.
  3. ^ Strabo. Geographica. Vol. viii. p.382. Page numbers refer to those of Isaac Casaubon's edition.
  4. ^ Homer. Iliad. Vol. 2.571.
  5. ^ Pausanias (1918). "12.4". Description of Greece. Vol. 2. Translated by W. H. S. Jones; H. A. Ormerod. Cambridge, Massachusetts; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann – via Perseus Digital Library.-5.
  6. ^ Stephanus of Byzantium. Ethnica. Vol. s. vv. Φλιοῦς, Ἀραντία.
  7. ^ Schol. ad Apoll. Rhod. 1.115.
  8. ^ Stephanus of Byzantium. Ethnica. Vol. s.v. Φλιοῦς.
  9. ^ Pausanias (1918). "13.1". Description of Greece. Vol. 2. Translated by W. H. S. Jones; H. A. Ormerod. Cambridge, Massachusetts; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann – via Perseus Digital Library., et seq.
  10. Diogenes Laërtius 1.12, 8.8; Cicero
    Tusc. 5.3
  11. ^ Herodotus. Histories. Vol. 7.202.
  12. ^ Herodotus. Histories. Vol. 9.28.
  13. ^ Thucydides. History of the Peloponnesian War. Vol. 5.57, et seq., 6.105.
  14. ^ Legon, Ronald P. "Phliasian Politics and Policy in the Early Fourth Century B.C." Historia: Zeitschrift Für Alte Geschichte 16, no. 3 (1967): 324-37. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4434991.
  15. ^ Legon, Ronald P. "Phliasian Politics and Policy in the Early Fourth Century B.C." Historia: Zeitschrift Für Alte Geschichte 16, no. 3 (1967): 324-37. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4434991.
  16. ^ Xenophon. Hellenica. Vol. 4.4.15, et seq.
  17. ^ Xenophon. Hellenica. Vol. 5.2.8, et seq.
  18. ^ Xenophon. Hellenica. Vol. 5.3.10, et seq.
  19. ^ Plutarch Ages. 24; Diodorus Siculus. Bibliotheca historica (Historical Library). Vol. 15.20.
  20. ^ Xenophon. Hellenica. Vol. 7.2.1.
  21. ^ Xenophon. Hellenica. Vol. 7.2.5-9.
  22. ^ Xenophon. Hellenica. Vol. 7.2.11 et seq.
  23. ^ Polybius. The Histories. Vol. 2.44.
  24. ^ Pausanias (1918). "13.6". Description of Greece. Vol. 2. Translated by W. H. S. Jones; H. A. Ormerod. Cambridge, Massachusetts; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann – via Perseus Digital Library.
  25. ^ Pausanias (1918). "13.3". Description of Greece. Vol. 2. Translated by W. H. S. Jones; H. A. Ormerod. Cambridge, Massachusetts; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann – via Perseus Digital Library., et seq.
  26. ^ Lund University. Digital Atlas of the Roman Empire.
  27. ISBN 978-0-691-03169-9
    .

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1854–1857). "Phlius". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray.

Sources

37°50′47″N 22°38′57″E / 37.846299°N 22.649131°E / 37.846299; 22.649131

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