Pinchas ben Yair

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Rabbinical eras

Pinchas ben Yair (

Judah haNasi. He was more celebrated for piety than for learning, although his discussions with his son-in-law[1] demonstrate great sagacity and a profound knowledge of tradition.[2]

Biography

His piety

An aggadah gives the following illustration of Pinchas' scrupulous honesty: Once two men deposited with him two seahs (a quantity) of wheat. After a prolonged absence of the depositors, Pinchas sowed the wheat and preserved the harvest. This he did for seven consecutive years, and when at last the men came to claim their deposit he returned them all the accumulated grain.[3]

Pinchas is said never to have accepted an invitation to a meal and, after reaching the age of majority, to have refused to eat at the table of his father. The reason given by him for this behavior was that there are two kinds of people: (1) those who are willing to be hospitable, but can not afford to be so, and (2) those who have the means but are not willing to extend hospitality to others.

onagers, the use of which was forbidden by local custom on account of the danger in handling them. Thereupon he retraced his steps and did not return.[4]

See also: Jose of Yokereth

Pinchas gave special weight to the laws of

ma'aser. The aggadah relates a story of a donkey belonging to Pinchas which, having been stolen, was released after a couple of days due to its refusal to eat food from which ma'aser had not been taken.[5] To Pinchas is attributed the abandonment by Judah haNasi of his project to abolish the shmita year of release.[6]

Pinchas was a

Terumah) in a state of ritual purity. The Beth din of Rabbi Ishmael ben Jose and Ben HaKapar, when they heard that Pinchas (known as a very pious man) had visited Ashkelon when it was not permitted for priests to venture outside the Land of Israel, understood thereby that Ashkelon (though not conquered by those returning from the Babylonian exile) was not like other lands of the gentiles, and that defilement had not been decreed upon that city.[7] Therefore, with Pinchas' example, they assembled themselves and reverted the old practice, decreeing a state of cleanness over the city's air, and that, henceforth, Jews (including priests) were permitted to visit Ashkelon without harboring feelings of guilt or fear of contracting uncleanness.[8]

Description of his era

Pinchas drew a gloomy picture of his time: "Since the destruction of the Temple, the members and freemen are put to shame, those who conform to the

Holy Spirit.[11]

Miracles attributed to him

The

ransom prisoners.[12] According to another version, Pinchas performed this miracle while he was going to the school to deliver a lecture. His pupils, who had followed him, asked if they might without danger cross the river by the same way, whereupon Pinchas answered: "Only those who have never offended anyone may do so".[13]

Tomb

Pinchas was buried in

Kefar Biram.[14][2]

Teachings

To Pinchas is attributed the authorship of a later midrash entitled

Baraita de-Rabbi Pinehas ben Ya'ir. The only reasons for this ascription are the facts (1) that the midrash begins with Pinchas' explanation of Genesis 1:11
, from which the work derives its name, and (2) that its seventh chapter commences with a saying of his on the tree of knowledge.


Quotes

References

  1. Shabbat
    33b
  2. ^ a b  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: W. B. I. Br. (1901–1906). "PHINEHAS BEN JAIR". In Singer, Isidore; et al. (eds.). The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. Retrieved Apr 18, 2016.
  3. ^ Deuteronomy Rabbah 3
  4. ^ a b Hullin 7b
  5. Avot of Rabbi Natan
    8, end
  6. Ta'anit
    3:1
  7. Babylonian Talmud
    Shabbat 14a
  8. ^ Jerusalem Talmud Shevi'it 6:1
  9. Sotah
    49a
  10. ^ Pesikta Rabbati 22, end; Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 91:15
  11. ^ see infra
  12. Yerushalmi Demai
    1:3
  13. ^ Hullin 7a
  14. ^ Burial Places of the Fathers, published by Yehuda Levi Nahum in book: Ṣohar la-ḥasifat ginzei teiman (Heb. צהר לחשיפת גנזי תימן), Tel-Aviv 1986, p. 252
  15. ^ Mishnah Sotah 9:15; Avodah Zarah 20b

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Wilhelm Bacher; Isaac Broydé (1901–1906). "Phinehas ben Jair". In Singer, Isidore; et al. (eds.). The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. It has the following bibliography:

  • Heilprin
    , Seder ha-Dorot ii.;
  • Jellinek. B. H. iii. 164 et seq., vi. 29;
  • Ben Chananja, iv. 374;
  • W. Bacher
    , Ag. Tan. ii. 495 et seq.;
  • Isaac Halevy, Dorot ha-Rishonim, ii. 48;
  • Braunschweiger, Die Lehrer der Mischna, p. 241,
    Frankfort-on-the-Main
    , 1903;
  • A. Epstein
    , Beiträge zur Jüdischen Alterthumskunde, i., p. x.
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