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Carletonomys cailoi is an extinct rodent from the Pleistocene of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Although known only from a single maxilla (upper jaw) with the first molar, its features are so distinctive that it is placed in its own genus, Carletonomys. Discovered in 1998 and formally described in 2008, it is part of a well-defined group of oryzomyine rodents that also includes Holochilus, Noronhomys, Lundomys, and Pseudoryzomys. This group is characterized by progressive semiaquatic specializations and a reduction in the complexity of molar morphology.
The single known molar is high-crowned (
mesoloph. Carletonomys was probably herbivorous and lived in a wet habitat. (see more...
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