Pravetz (computer)

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Pravetz (Bulgarian: Правец) is a brand of personal computers produced in Bulgaria from 1979. They were widely used in scientific organizations and schools until the 1990s.^[1]

Pravets were the first personal computers made in Bulgaria. Before that, various types of large computer systems were used, the size of rooms (60-70), as well as even lamp computers before that. The name of the Pravet computers specifies that these are personal computers "made" (in Bulgarian language: правя, pravja) in Bulgaria.^[2][3]

They were manufactured in the town of

An early Bulgarian-made personal computer was IMKO-1 (its name resembles Bulgarian name ELKA (short name for ELektronen KAlkulator, cirillic ЕЛКА ЕЛектронен КАлкулатор) or calculator, yet the name of the first state-manufactured personal computers points to its production as a PC or Pravetz Computers (правя, pravja - make, manufacture)). The prototype of the Pravetz computers that were developed by engineer Ivan Vassilev Marangozov,^[5] who was rightfully accused of cloning the Apple II. In fact, IMKO-1 was a nearly identical clone of the original Apple II with a few minor exceptions - case, keyboard, character table (the lowercase Latin alphabet was replaced with Cyrillic uppercase) and power supply (early models used bulky and heavy linear power supplies). A few early models were produced at the ITKR (pronounced ee-teh-kah-reh, Institute of Technical Cybernetics and Robotics), a section of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. Industrial production in Pravetz started shortly after.^[6]

The line of Bulgarian personal computers at the time of release was prohibitively expensive for individuals and in addition were only sold to different government institutions - educational sector, military and administrative sector.

Pravetz computers were of major importance in the economy of the Comecon.

Model line

8-bit architecture

Except for the

• Soviet substitutes (clones) of the original chips. Pravetz 82 was relatively reliable - most of the hardware problems were due to the widespread use of substandard quality IC sockets, mainly used for the DRAM
  chips.
• Pravetz 8М - Integrated second CPU
  switching power supply
  and an off-white plastic case with an improved design.
• Pravetz 8E - Industrial model based on the original Pravetz 82 architecture plus some memory extensions
• Pravetz 8А - Uses Bulgarian-made chipset СМ 630, memory could be expanded up to 1 MB using optional memory card, accessible in 64 KB banks. It was a nearly identical clone of Apple //e on electrical diagrams and ROM content levels. The case was similar to the one used for the 8M model. The keyboard was improved with arrow keys, and the Char table included Cyrillic upper and lowercase symbols. This was the most advanced model with the greatest level of upgradeability.
• Pravetz 8С - "streamlined version" of the 8А model. 128 KB RAM integrated, but not expandable. Fewer slots, but all essential controllers were integrated on the motherboard - Parallel (Centronics) interface, FDD controllers, joystick and sometimes with RS-232. A version of 8C is the Pravetz 8VC, which features a terminal-like design.
• Oric Atmos
  home computers and compatible with their software.

16-bit architecture

Pravetz-16 were IBM PC compatible:

• Pravetz-16 (IMKO-4) - Featured
  RAM
  256 KB or 512 KB expandable to 640 KB.
• Pravetz-16E
• Pravetz-16ES (variations as a desktop or
  80186
  processor at 8 MHz.
• Pravetz-16A
• Pravetz-16T - Turbo version
• Pravetz-286

32-bit architecture

• Pravetz-386
• Pravetz-486

Revival in 2014

The brand was revived in 2014 by Pravetz Computers OOD, a private company that organised assembly of personal computers with Intel-based CPU.^[7]

See also

• History of computer hardware in Bulgaria

References

External links

• Website about Pravetz computers (historical)