Pre-Columbian Peru
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Andean cultural formations
- According to some, ]
- The oldest securely dated remains appear in 10000 BCE in the Guitarrero Cave, Yungay, then in the coast (in the districts Chilca and Paracas) and in the highlands (in the Callejón de Huaylas).
- 3000 years later (7000 BCE), people became sedentary (Amazon Basin and spread to the Andean culture region around 4000 years ago. The period that ensued is now called the Initial or Ceramic. Maize was adopted as a staple crop, creating population growth because of its high carrying capacity. The population distribution moved from the coasts to river valleys because of the growing importance of farming.
- A frieze at the Casma/Sechin culture has been dated to 3600 BCE, the oldest monument found in Peru.[3]
- Caral-Supe civilization, nearly from 3,500 BCE to 1,800 BCE)"[4]
- Lima region(3500-1800 BC)
- Lima Region(2200 BCE)
- Lambayeque Region, northern Peru (2000 BCE)
- Cupisnique culture (1500-1000 BCE)
- Chavín (900 BCE to 200 BCE)
- Paracas
- Moche
- Nazca
- Tiahuanaco
- Wari
- Chimú
These cultures developed advanced techniques of cultivation, gold and silver work, pottery, metallurgy and weaving. Some of the social structures that later (around the 12th century) formed the base of the Inca Empire may be traced back to these previous periods.
Archaeological findings
Archaeologists led by Gabriel Prieto revealed the largest mass child sacrifice with more than 140 children skeleton and 200 Llamas dating to the
According to the researchers' notes in the study, there was cut marks on the sterna, or breastbones some of the children and the llamas. Children’s faces were smeared with a red pigment during the ceremony before their chests had been cut open, most likely to remove their hearts.Remains showed that these kids came from different regions and when the children and llamas were sacrificed, the area was drenched with water.[7]
“We have to remember that the Chimú had a very different world view than Westerners today. They also had very different concepts about death and the role each person plays in the cosmos, perhaps the victims went willingly as messengers to their gods, or perhaps Chimú society believed this was the only way to save more people from destruction” said anthropologists Ryan Williams.[8]
Gallery
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The Stele from the Chavín Culture, Ancash, Peru
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Moche pottery, Lambayeque, Peru
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TheTiahuanaco Gate of the Sun, Bolivia
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Polychrome, fish-shaped, nazca double spout and bridge vessel, Ica, Peru
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The Lord of Sipán
Ancient Cultures in Peruvian History Time Line
References
- ^ Heather Whipps, "Peruvian Canals Most Ancient in New World", LiveScience, 23 December 2005, accessed 3 November 2010
- ^ JOHN NOBLE WILFORD, "Evidence Found for Canals That Watered Ancient Peru", New York Times, 3 January 2006, accessed 1 November 2010
- ^ "Oldest Urban Site in the Americas Found, Experts Claim", National Geographic News, Feb 26, 2008, [1], accessed 20 Jan 2016
- ISBN 1-4000-3205-9.
- ^ "Exclusive: Ancient Mass Child Sacrifice May Be World's Largest". National Geographic News. 2018-04-26. Archived from the original on August 3, 2019. Retrieved 2020-04-26.
- ^ March 2019, Laura Geggel 06. "Hearts Ripped from 140 Children and 200 Llamas in Largest Child Sacrifice in Ancient World". livescience.com. Retrieved 2020-04-26.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "World's Biggest Mass Child Sacrifice Discovered In Peru, with 140 Killed in 'Heart Removal' Ritual | ARCHAEOLOGY WORLD". Retrieved 2020-04-26.
- ^ EST, Hannah Osborne On 3/6/19 at 2:00 PM (2019-03-06). "World's biggest mass child sacrifice discovered in Peru, with 140 killed in "heart removal" ritual". Newsweek. Retrieved 2020-04-26.
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: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
See also
- Cultural periods of Peru
- Inca Empire
- Amazonas before the Inca Empire