Demographic history of Peru
Demographics of Peru | |
---|---|
Population | 32,971,854 |
Density | 26.06[1] |
Growth rate | 1.42% |
Birth rate | 574,987 |
Death rate | 185,606 |
Life expectancy | 76.95 years |
• male | 74.29 years[2] |
• female | 79.71 years[2] |
Fertility rate | 2.21 |
Net migration rate | 3.12 per thousand[3] |
Nationality | |
Nationality | Peruvian |
Major ethnic | Spaniards, Amerindians |
Minor ethnic | Chinese Peruvians, Japanese Peruvians |
Language | |
Official | Spanish |
Spoken | Aymara, Quechua |
History of Peru |
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Peru portal |
The demographic history of Peru shows the structure of the population in different historical periods.
Peru is a multi-cultural country with a diverse range of ethnic, religious, and languages divisions among people. The blending and diversity of cultural traditions has resulted in a vast range of artistic, culinary, literary, and musical expressions throughout the Peru. Culturally, Peru is known as one of the oldest civilizations in America. Francisco Pizarro and his conquerors came in Peru, and were known as the Chachapoya who then lived in tropical Andean cloud forests.[9] Roman Catholicism is Peru's most widespread affiliated religion.[10] However, other religions, such as Buddhism, Islam, Hinduism, and a trend of being irreligion are also common, especially among young people.
Peruvian history is often divided into pre-Columbian and post-Columbian eras.
Census
The census takes the
Year | Fertility rate | Urban population | Life expectancy | Median age | Birth rate | Death rate |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1955 | 6.96 | 3,856,003 | 45.12 | 18.7 | 424,196 | 184,701 |
1960 | 6.95 | 4,709,872 | 48.01 | 18.2 | 478,088 | 187,821 |
1965 | 6.88 | 6,020,628 | 50.87 | 17.7 | 527,930 | 189,316 |
1970 | 6.55 | 7,658,573 | 54.17 | 17.6 | 569,564 | 184,403 |
1975 | 5.71 | 9,360,547 | 57.58 | 17.9 | 604,055 | 176,605 |
1980 | 5.04 | 11,209,453 | 60.24 | 18.5 | 634,193 | 172,392 |
1985 | 4.46 | 13,068,523 | 63.13 | 19.2 | 666,023 | 165,158 |
1990 | 3.91 | 15,038,734 | 66.17 | 20.1 | 677,030 | 155,637 |
1995 | 3.31 | 17,055,649 | 68.90 | 21.2 | 648,450 | 146,948 |
2000 | 2.85 | 18,928,687 | 71.11 | 22.7 | 614,914 | 144,610 |
2005 | 2.69 | 20,717,275 | 72.91 | 24.1 | 618,998 | 148,160 |
2010 | 2.55 | 22,450,249 | 74.41 | 25.5 | 598,767 | 153,901 |
2015 | 2.32 | 24,271,929 | 75.79 | 27.5 | 569,290 | 164,032 |
2020 | 2.21 | 26,082,479 | 76.95 | 31 | 574,987 | 185,606 |
2025 estimate | 2.11 | – | 77.96 | 32.6 | 559,678 | 207,927 |
2030 estimate | 2.03 | – | 78.98 | 34.2 | 531,271 | 225,685 |
2035 estimate | 1.95 | – | 79.95 | 35.6 | 509,213 | 246,605 |
2040 estimate | 1.89 | – | 80.88 | 36.8 | 493,994 | 270,210 |
Sources:[15][16][17][18][19] |
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
10000 BCE | 242,217 | — |
9000 BCE | 290,661 | +20.0% |
8000 BCE | 348,793 | +20.0% |
7000 BCE | 418,551 | +20.0% |
6000 BCE | 502,262 | +20.0% |
5000 BCE | 602,715 | +20.0% |
4000 BCE | 723,260 | +20.0% |
3000 BCE | 867,911 | +20.0% |
2000 BCE | 1,040,000 | +19.8% |
1000 BCE | 1,250,000 | +20.2% |
0 | 1,500,000 | +20.0% |
500 | 2,040,000 | +36.0% |
1000 | 3,000,000 | +47.1% |
1500 | 4,000,000 | +33.3% |
1600 | 1,300,000 | −67.5% |
1700 | 1,500,000 | +15.4% |
1800 | 1,270,000 | −15.3% |
1900 | 3,690,000 | +190.6% |
1925 | 5,140,000 | +39.3% |
1950 | 7,777,446 | +51.3% |
1975 | 15,424,744 | +98.3% |
2000 | 26,459,944 | +71.5% |
2005 | 27,866,145 | +5.3% |
2010 | 29,027,674 | +4.2% |
2015 | 30,470,734 | +5.0% |
2020 | 32,971,854 | +8.2% |
2025 estimate | 34,520,000 | +4.7% |
2040 estimate | 38,550,000 | +11.7% |
Source:[20][21][22] |
Population by Provinces 1791–1862[6] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Places | 1791 | 1836 | 1850 | 1862 |
Chancay | 13,945 | 18,712 | 23,428 | 30,525 |
Callao | – | 6,790 | 8,352 | 17,539 |
Ica | 20,576 | 18,031 | 12,920 | 45,697 |
Jauja | 52,286 | 61,023 | 89,796 | 106,567 |
Huamalíes | 14,234 | 13,172 | 32,027 | 40,114 |
Huaylas | 40,822 | 49,667 | 69,077 | 39,833 |
Cajamarca | 62,196 | 41,993 | 46,122 | 70,683 |
Piura | 44,491 | 53,815 | 74,372 | 131,464 |
Chachapoyas | 25,398 | 18,426 | 27,728 | 17,952 |
Carabaya | – | – | 22,605 | 34,068 |
Quispicanchi | 24,337 | – | 49,416 | 19,674 |
Paruro | 20,236 | – | 17,732 | 15,926 |
Aymaraes | 15,281 | – | 18,228 | 22,985 |
Cotabambas | 19,824 | – | 23,241 | 27,667 |
Huamanga | 25,970 | – | 29,617 | 44,898 |
Cangallo | 12,474 | – | 20,176 | 34,722 |
Andahuaylas | 12,020 | – | 19,184 | 51,701 |
Tayacaja | 13,161 | – | 27,151 | 40,802 |
Arequipa | 37,721 | – | 63,816 | 53,334 |
Moquegua | 28,279 | – | 32,380 | 29,209 |
Tacna | 18,776 | – | 18,642 | 33,815 |
Tarapacá | 7,923 | – | 10,418 | 17,239 |
Indigenous Languages
People spoke different languages in South America. Inhabitants were facing an issue in socioeconomic relationships with fellow Peruvians. There was no writing communication in
Peru is the multilingual landscape of South America with rich diversification of languages spoken. Yet Quechua was a widely spoken language in Peru. And had biggest indigenous language family in Americas.[27] Quechua has mainly used in different countries of South America, including Bolivia, Argentina, Ecuador, Colombia, and Brazil.[28] It is probably most recognized for being the Inca Empire's primary family language. Domingo de Santo Tomás, a Dominican and advocate of the Indian cause, wrote the first published description of a Quechuan language, including grammar and a dictionary.[23] The Quechua language survived the Spanish invasion of the Inca in the sixteenth century. Younger generation of Quechua families adapting Spanish and their elders fear that their descendants are losing touch with their culture's values and ancestral understanding.[29] Despite a brief comeback in the 19th century shortly after Latin American nations declared independence, Quechua's status had declined. The Quechua language continues to lose popularity and relevance in Peru, putting Quechua cultural and ancestral values in danger, this is due to the perceived economic and social benefits of speaking Spanish.[29] Despite the fact that Quechua was the official language of the whole Inca Empire,[29]
However, various languages become dominant over time or decline as the people spread through different areas. The linguistic difference between Peru's distinct physical areas is represented in a language separation between the coast and the interior, where Spanish takes precedence over Amerindian languages. Furthermore, due to urbanization, people from rural areas migrate to urban areas and adopt Spanish, becoming Peru's official language.
The most common language in Peru is
Language | 1981 Census[34] | 1993 Census[34] | 2007 Census[34] | 2017 Census[35] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | |
Spanish
|
10,012,758 | 73.31 | 15,405,014 | 79.78 | 21,713,165 | 84.13 | 22,209,686 | 83.34 |
Quechua | 2,917,870 | 21.36 | 3,177,937 | 16.46 | 3,360,331 | 13.02 | 3,735,682 | 14.02 |
Aymara | 395,058 | 2.89 | 440,380 | 2.28 | 443,248 | 1.72 | 444,389 | 1.67 |
Other Native | 79,869 | 0.58 | 132,174 | 0.68 | 174,410 | 0.68 | 210,017 | 0.79 |
Other | 253,119 | 1.85 | 153,098 | 0.79 | 119,177 | 0.46 | 48,910 | 0.18 |
Total | 13,658,674 | 19,308,603 | 25,810,331 | 26,648,684 |
Ethnic Divisions
Peru is one of the most populous
Religions
There are multiple religions in Peru, but
The predominant religion of Peru is
Religion | 1981 Census[34] | 1993 Census[34] | 2007 Census[34] | 2017 Census[35] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | |
Catholic | 14,198,653 | 89.25 | 13,786,001 | 89.24 | 16,956,722 | 81.33 | 17,635,339 | 76.03 |
Evangelical | 1,680,341 | 10.56 | 1,042,888 | 6.75 | 2,606,055 | 12.50 | 3,264,819 | 14.07 |
Other / Not Specified | 397,825 | 2.58 | 679,291 | 3.26 | 1,115,872 | 4.81 | ||
Atheist / Agnostic | 29,513 | 0.19 | 222,141 | 1.44 | 608,434 | 2.92 | 1,180,361 | 5.09 |
Total | 15,908,507 | 15,448,855 | 20,850,502 | 23,196,391 |
References
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- ^ a b "Female and male life expectancy at birth". ourworldindata.org. Retrieved 21 May 2022.
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- ^ Roller, S (6 October 2020). "The Worst Epidemic in History? The Scourge of Smallpox in the Americas". History Hit. Retrieved 14 May 2022.
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- ^ "Peru Population (2022) – Worldometer". www.worldometers.info. Retrieved 15 May 2022.
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- ^ "Peru Population (2022) – Worldometer". www.worldometers.info. Retrieved 13 May 2022.
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- ^ "Countries with most Spanish speakers 2021". Statista. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
- ^ "Language data for Peru". Translators without Borders. Retrieved 2022-05-20.
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- ^ a b c Boruvka, Elise (2011). "The Valuation System of the Quechua in Peru". Undergraduate Journal of International Studies. 4 (1): 44–55.
- ^ "Aymara". Minority Rights Group. 2021. Retrieved 11 May 2022.
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- ^ a b c "Language data for Peru". Translators without Borders. Retrieved 2022-03-21.
- ^ a b c d e f "PERÚ Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática". www.inei.gob.pe. Retrieved 2018-09-15.
- ^ a b "INEI difunde Base de Datos de los Censos Nacionales 2017 y el Perfil Sociodemográfico del Perú – Censos Nacionales 2017". www.censos2017.pe (in Spanish). Retrieved 2018-09-15.
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- ^ Hwang, J. "Chinese in Peru in the 19th century". Modern Latin America, 8th Edition Companion Website. Retrieved 11 May 2022.
- ^ "Peru". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 2022-05-14.
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- ^ Office of International Religious Freedom (2021). "2020 Report on International Religious Freedom: Peru". United States Department of State. Retrieved 11 May 2022.