President of the Church
In the Latter Day Saint movement, the President of the Church is generally considered to be the highest office of the church. It was the office held by Joseph Smith, founder of the movement, and the office assumed by many of Smith's claimed successors, such as Brigham Young, Joseph Smith III, Sidney Rigdon, and James Strang. Several other titles have been associated with this office, including First Elder of the church,[1] Presiding High Priest,[2] President of the High Priesthood,[2] Trustee-in-Trust for the church,[3] Prophet,[4] Seer,[4] Revelator,[4] and Translator.[4] Joseph Smith was known by all of these titles in his lifetime (although not necessarily with consistency).
Joseph Smith: the first president
The concept that the Church of Christ would have a single presiding officer arose in late 1831. Initially, after the church's formation on April 6, 1830, Joseph Smith referred to himself as merely "an apostle of Jesus Christ, and elder of the church."[6] However, there was one other apostle—Oliver Cowdery—and several other elders of the church, making the formal hierarchy of the church unclear.
In September 1830, after
In early June gave them superior authority than that of other high priests.
On November 11, 1831, a revelation to Smith stated that "it must needs be that one be appointed of the high priesthood to preside over the Priesthood and he shall be called President of the high priesthood of the Church ... and again the duty of the President of the high priesthood is to preside over the whole church."[13] Smith was ordained to this position and sustained by the church on January 25, 1832, at a conference in Amherst, Ohio.[12][14]
In 1835, the Articles and Covenants of the Church of Christ were revised,[citation needed] changing the phrase "an ... elder of the church" to "the first elder of this Church."[1] Thus, subsequent to 1835, Smith was sometimes referred to as the First Elder of the church. The 1835 revision also added a verse referring to the office of "president of the high priesthood (or presiding elder)",[15] which had since been added to the church hierarchy.
Removal
Though there has never been a popular movement in the church to have a president removed or punished, he could theoretically be removed from his position or otherwise disciplined by the Common Council of the Church.[16] The only president of the church brought before the Common Council was Joseph Smith, who was tried for charges made against him by Sylvester Smith after the return of Zion's Camp in 1834.[17] The Council determined that Joseph Smith had "acted in every respect in an honorable and proper manner with all monies and properties entrusted to his charge."[18]
President of the LDS Church
The President of the LDS Church is the church's leader and the head of the
Prophet-Presidents of the Community of Christ
In the
As President of the Church, the Prophet-President is the church's chief executive and is the leader of the
Succession to the Presidency
Generally, the Prophet-President will name or ordain a successor prior to his death or retirement. The office was traditionally referred to as President of the High Priesthood. Prior to 1995, these successors had been chosen consistent with
In 1995,
Remnant Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints
The Remnant Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints continued to believe in the lineal succession through the Jewish Laws of Inheritance. As such, the president of the Remnant Church following its formation, Frederick Niels Larsen, was a direct descendant (maternal 2nd great-grandson) of Joseph Smith, Jr. Following Larsen's death in 2019, Terry W. Patience became President of the Remnant Church.[19]
President of The Church of Jesus Christ (Bickertonite)
Similar to other denominations in the Latter Day Saint movement, in The Church of Jesus Christ (Bickertonite), the President of the General Church is also a member of the Quorum of Twelve Apostles.
President of the Church of Jesus Christ (Cutlerite)
The tiny Church of Jesus Christ (Cutlerite), headquartered in Independence, Missouri, has a First Presidency with a President and two Counselors. Succession generally goes to the First Counselor at the time of the previous President's death or resignation (no Cutlerite president has ever resigned), subject to approval of the church membership.
President of the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints
In the earliest years of its existence, the
Following LDS Church President Spencer W. Kimball's 1978 Revelation on Priesthood, extending the right of ordination to black African males in perceived contradiction to the teachings of Brigham Young and other early LDS leaders, the fundamentalists in Colorado City, Arizona, and Hildale, Utah, began to regard their parent organization as a "complete Gentile sectarian church." In 1991, Rulon Jeffs, by that time sole surviving member of the Priesthood Council and thus Prophet of the group, incorporated his followers into "the Corporation of the President of the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints" or FLDS Church, with himself as president. Upon his death in 2002, Jeffs was succeeded by his First Counselor and son, Warren Jeffs. Despite the younger Jeffs' resignation from the Presidency in 2011 following his imprisonment for child sexual assault, and a brief tenure by Wendell Loy Nielsen as President of the Church's corporate assets, most FLDS members continue to regard Jeffs as a prophet.
Latter Day Saint sects without a President of the Church
Some sects in the Latter Day Saint movement do not accept the office of President of the Church as a valid office in the priesthood; these groups often maintain that because Jesus' original church was led by twelve apostles, not by a president or a three-man presidency, the latter-day church should be similarly organized.[5] For instance, the Church of Christ (Temple Lot) is governed by a Quorum of the Twelve; the members of the quorum are generally regarded as co-equal holders of the highest office in the church.
See also
References
- ^ a b Doctrine and Covenants 20:2 (LDS Church edition)
- ^ a b Doctrine and Covenents 107:65-66 (LDS Church edition).
- History of the Church4:517.
- ^ a b c d Doctrine and Covenents 107:91-92 (LDS Church edition).
- ^ a b William A. Sheldon, "A Synopsis of Church of Christ Beliefs as compared to other Latter Day Saint churches" (Church of Christ, n.d.).
- ^ Articles and Covenants of the Church of Christ, June 9, 1830; see also: Doctrine and Covenents 20:2 (LDS Church edition).
- ^ Doctrine and Covenants 28:2,6-7 (LDS Church edition)
- ^ Different accounts of this meeting give the date as June 3, 4, or 6. Bushman considers June 3 to be the "best guess" for the date.
- ^ a b "3 June 1831". Minute Book 2. pp. 3–4.
- ^ Note that in the Minute Book 2 entry, Smith first ordains Lyman Wight and four other men "to the high priesthood", and Wight in turn ordains eighteen other men, including Smith, "to the high priesthood".
- ^ Compare this with the Restoration of the Aaronic Priesthood, where Smith first baptizes Oliver Cowdery, and is then in turn baptized by Cowdery.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-4000-7753-3.
- ^ Doctrine and Covenants 107:64-65,91-92 (LDS Church edition)
- ^ "Prophet Seer, and Revelator: Like Unto Moses". Joseph Smith: Life of the Prophet. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. 2007. Retrieved 2007-05-25.
- ^ Doctrine and Covenants 20:67 (LDS Church edition)
- ^ Doctrine and Covenants 107:82–84 (LDS Church edition)
- ^ Joseph Fielding Smith (1953). Church History and Modern Revelation (Salt Lake City: Council of the Twelve Apostles) 2:21.
- History of the Church2:143.
- ^ "The Remnant Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints - Presidency". Archived from the original on 1 July 2019. Retrieved 9 July 2019.