Prone position
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Prone position (/proʊn/) is a body position in which the person lies flat with the chest down and the back up. In anatomical terms of location, the dorsal side is up, and the ventral side is down. The supine position is the 180° contrast.
Etymology
The word prone, meaning "naturally inclined to something, apt, liable," has been recorded in English since 1382; the meaning "lying face-down" was first recorded in 1578, but is also referred to as "lying down" or "going prone."
Prone derives from the Latin pronus, meaning "bent forward, inclined to," from the adverbial form of the prefix pro- "forward." Both the original, literal, and the derived figurative sense were used in Latin, but the figurative is older in English.
Anatomy
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In
Concerning the forearm,
Researchers observed that the expiratory reserve volume measured at relaxation volume increased from supine to prone by the factor of 0.15.[1]
Shooting
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In competitive shooting, the prone position is the position of a shooter lying face down on the ground. It is considered the easiest and most accurate position as the ground provides extra stability. It is one of the positions in three positions events. For many years (1932–2016), the only purely prone Olympic event was the 50 meter rifle prone; however, this has since been dropped from the Olympic program. Both men and women still have the 50 meter rifle three positions as an Olympic shooting event.
Prone position is often used in military combat as, like in competitive shooting, the prone position provides the best accuracy and stability.
Many
ISSF 50 meter
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Female and male shooters shoot a
Up until 2018, the top eight shooters in the qualification round were selected to shoot 'shot-for-shot' in an 'Olympic' final. Prior to 2013, this consisted of ten additional shots scored to one decimal place, so the maximum possible score was 109.0. This score was then added to the score for the qualification round; this summed score was used to determine final rankings and thus medallists. Starting in the 2013 season and continuing to the beginning of the 2018 season, a new finals format was introduced, where again the top 8 shooters in the qualification round shot against each other, only this time with the qualification scored being discarded and the number of shots being raised to 24. These shots were still scored decimally, so the maximum possible score under this new format was 261.6. From January 2018, the final for this event was discarded entirely; competition rankings were determined by the score obtained in the 60 shot match only.
Fullbore Target Rifle
The non-ISSF fullbore disciplines governed by the International Confederation of Fullbore Rifle Associations (ICFRA) are exclusively shot from the prone position over distances of 300yards to 1200yards.[3] These disciplines are popular in Commonwealth countries, and are heavily influenced by the British National Rifle Association.
Biathlon
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In Biathlon, prone is one of two positions that athletes shoot from, along with standing. Shooting takes place at "knock down" targets which indicate a simple hit or miss with no scoring rings.[4]
UK
In the UK, the
Outdoors, variables such as light, wind, temperature, humidity and mirage affect the target image and bullet trajectory. To help shooters, most ranges have wind flags placed at useful positions around the range to display the wind conditions.
Pilots
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The prone position is also used to describe the way pilots and other crew may be positioned in an aircraft; lying on their stomachs rather than seated in a normal upright position. During
See also
References
- S2CID 3776781.
- ^ Scott McDonald (15 April 2016). "Your Comprehensive Guide To The 15 Olympic Shooting Events". Team USA. Archived from the original on 19 April 2016. Retrieved 16 November 2022.
- ^ "Shooting Rules and Match Conditions". International Confederation of Fullbore Rifle Associations. 2019. Archived from the original on 5 July 2020. Retrieved 16 November 2022.
- ^ "Biathlon 101: Rules". NBC Olympics. NBC Universal. 12 October 2021. Archived from the original on 18 October 2021. Retrieved 16 November 2022.
Sources
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