Propagation delay

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Propagation delay is the time duration taken for a signal to reach its destination. It can relate to networking, electronics or physics.

Networking

In computer networks, propagation delay is the amount of time it takes for the head of the signal to travel from the sender to the receiver. It can be computed as the ratio between the link length and the propagation speed over the specific medium.

Propagation delay is equal to d / s where d is the distance and s is the

copper wire, the speed s generally ranges from .59c to .77c.[1][2] This delay is the major obstacle in the development of high-speed computers and is called the interconnect bottleneck
in IC systems.

Electronics

NOT gate
full adder has an overall gate delay of 3 logic gates
from the inputs A and B to the carry output Cout shown in red.

In

digital circuits
allows them to process data at a faster rate and improve overall performance. The determination of the propagation delay of a combined circuit requires identifying the longest path of propagation delays from input to output and by adding each propagation delay along this path.

The difference in propagation delays of logic elements is the major contributor to glitches in asynchronous circuits as a result of race conditions.

The

principle of logical effort
utilizes propagation delays to compare designs implementing the same logical statement.

Propagation delay increases with

fanout
) the propagation delay increases substantially.

Wires have an approximate propagation delay of 1 ns for every 6 inches (15 cm) of length.[4] Logic gates can have propagation delays ranging from more than 10 ns down to the picosecond range, depending on the technology being used.[4]

Physics

In

electromagnetic field, the propagation delay is the length of time it takes for a signal to travel to its destination. For example, in the case of an electric signal, it is the time taken for the signal to travel through a wire. See also velocity factor and radio propagation
.

See also

References

  1. ^ "What is propagation delay? (Ethernet Physical Layer)". Ethernet FAQ. 2010-10-21. Retrieved 2010-11-09.
  2. ^ "Propagation Delay and Its Relationship to Maximum Cable Length". Networking Glossary. Archived from the original on 2011-02-20. Retrieved 2010-11-09.
  3. ^ "Logic Signal Voltage Levels". All About Circuits. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
  4. ^ .