Province of Tierra Firme
Province of Tierra Firme Provincia de Tierra Firme | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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1498–1542 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Charles I | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Historical era | Spanish Empire | ||||||||||||||||||||||
• Established | 1498 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
• Creation of the Viceroyalty of Peru | 1542 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Currency | Peso | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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During Spain's New World Empire, its mainland coastal possessions surrounding the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico were referred to collectively as the Spanish Main. The southern portion of these coastal possessions were known as the Province of Tierra Firme (Spanish: Provincia de Tierra Firme), or the "Mainland Province" (as contrasted with Spain's nearby insular colonies).[1]: 15 The Province of Tierra Firme, or simply Tierra Firme, was also called Costa Firme.[2]
History
In 1498,
Tierra Firme later received control over other territories: the Isla de Santiago (now
When the Central American states gained independence, the precise frontiers were unclear. For example, some ancient maps and historical references suggest that the entire Caribbean coast as far as Cabo Gracias a Dios was part Tierra Firme or Castilla Del Oro. On the other hand, this would embrace populated regions of the Mosquito Coast that were never under the effective rule of Tierra Firme. Disputes over both of Panama's frontiers were finally solved by agreements with Costa Rica and Colombia, respectively.
Governorates in Hispanic America
After the territorial division of South America between Spain and Portugal, the Peruvian Hispanic administration was divided into six entities:
- Province of Tierra Firme, included the Caribbean Coast, Central America, the Pacific Coast of Colombia and Mexico.
- Cuzcoin the south.
- Governorate of New Toledo, forming the previous southern half of the Inca empire, stretching towards central Chile.
- Governorate of New Andalusia, which was not formally conquered by Spain until decades later.
- Governorate of New León, the southernmost part of the continent until the Strait of Magellan.
- Governorate of Terra Australis, territories from the south of the Strait of Magellan to the South Pole.
This territorial division set the basis for the Hispanic administration of South America for several decades. It was formally dissolved in 1544, when King Charles I sent his personal envoy, Blasco Núñez Vela, to govern the newly founded Viceroyalty of Peru that replaced the governorates.
See also
References
- ISBN 0140441239
- ^ Ilia del Toro Robledo. Actas del Cabildo de Ponce, Puerto Rico. Ponce, Puerto Rico: Gobierno Municipal Autónomo de Ponce. Comisión Puertorriqueña para la Celebración del Quinto Centenario del Descubrimiento de America y Puerto Rico, en Conmemoración del Encuentro de Dos Mundos. 1993. Acta # 136 of 28 October 1821. p. 207.
- ^ Andagoya, Pascual de. "Narrative of the Proceedings of Pedrarias Davila". The Hakluyt Society. p. 80. Retrieved 21 June 2019 – via Wikisource.
Sources
- M.M. Alba C., Geografíi Descriptiva de la Republica de Panama ("Descriptive Geography of the Republic of Panama"). Sixth Edition, text approved by Ministry of Education. Panama: Imprenta Nacional. 1962. (In Spanish.)
- Lucien N.B. Wise, Le Canal De Panama, L Isthme Americain explorations : Comparaison des Traces Etudies, Nnégociations; Etats des Travaux, Libraire Hachette Et C, Paris, 1886; (Tr Spanish:"El Canal De Panama, Itsmo Americano. Exploraciones; Comparaciones de los trazados Estudiados; negociaciones; estados de los trabajos, Published by Loteria Review N°4, Imprenta "la Academia", Panama, 1956.
- Ernesto J.Castillero R., Historia de Panama ("History of Panama"), Ninth Edition. Editorial Renovación. 1968. (In Spanish.)
- Noris Correa de Sanjur, Historia de Panama ("History of Panama"), a school text approved by Ministry of Education. Editorial A.I.P.S.A. 1984. (In Spanish.)
- el Portal de la Música Típica, section: - "Recordando La Guerra de Coto en el Centenario de Panama" (In Spanish.) Portal for "typical" music (characteristic of Panama): "Remembering the Coto War on the Centenary of Panama".
External links
- Tierra Firma item Nuevo Reyno de Granada atque Popayan, map showing this usage (and giving both spellings). The map is from L'Histoire du Nouveau Monde ou description des Indes Occidentales, contenant dix-huict livres... enrichi de nouvelles tables geographiqiues & figures des animaux, plantes & fruicts by Joannes de Laet (1593–1649), published 1640 by Bonaventure & Abraham Elseviers, Leiden.