Provisional Government of Western Thrace
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Independent Government of Western Thrace Garbi Trakya Hükûmet-i Müstakilesi غربی تراقیا حكومت موقتهسی Batı Trakya Geçici Hükümeti Prosorini Kyvernisi Dytikis Thrakis Προσωρινή Κυβέρνηση Δυτικής Θράκης Vremenno pravitelstvo na Zapadna Trakiya Временно правителство на Западна Тракия | |||||||||
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1913 | |||||||||
Flag | |||||||||
Provisional Government under a Republic system | |||||||||
• 1913 | Hoca Salih Efendi | ||||||||
History | |||||||||
• Established | 31 August 1913 | ||||||||
• Disestablished | 25 October 1913 | ||||||||
Area | |||||||||
1913 | 8,578 km2 (3,312 sq mi) | ||||||||
Currency | Ottoman lira | ||||||||
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1 Renamed from "Provisional Government of Western Thrace" and some researchers used term of "Republic of Gumuljina" and the "Turkish Republic of Western Thrace". |
The Provisional Government of Western Thrace
The whole of Western Thrace was captured by Bulgaria during the
After the retreat of both the Bulgarian and Greek armies, an autonomous state was declared with Ottoman support, in order to avoid Bulgarian rule after the
The capital of Provisional Government of Western Thrace was
After the retreat of the Bulgarian army, irregular Ottoman forces committed numerous atrocities against Bulgarian civilians, including multiple cases of mass murder and the expulsion of a large part of the Bulgarian population of the region.,[11][12][13][14] similar to the atrocities carried out in Eastern Thrace during the Second Balkan War. These atrocities continued after the formation of the government of Western Thrace, with the active participation and support of its government.[15][16]
Overview
President: Hoca Salih Efendi.
Army: Standing force of 29,170, largely infantry. Commander of the Armed Forces
Steering Committee: Reshid Bey, Raif Effendi, Hafous Salih Effendi, Nicodimos (commissioner of the Diocese of Maroneia, representing the Greeks), Mikirditch Tabakian (Armenian), Yaka Cassavi (Jew), Hafous Galip and Eshref Bey Kushchubasi.[18]
As soon as independence was declared, the Provisional Government of Western Thrace determined the borders of the country, put up the new flags on the official buildings, commissioned a national anthem, raised an army, published its own stamps [19] and passports[17][page needed], and prepared the budget of the new country.
A Jewish citizen, Samuel Karaso, was tasked by the government with establishing an official press agency and to publish a newspaper named Müstakil ("Independent") in Turkish and French. The Ottoman Laws and Regulations were adopted without any change, and the cases started to be heard by the Court of Western Thrace.
Currency 40 Paras = 1 Piaster [19]
See also
References
- ^ Belgeselin bu bölümünde Batı Trakya Geçici Hükümeti konu ediliyor (Metin Edirneli Rodop Hükumetleri ile ilgili olarak, TRT)
- ^ Türkkaya Ataöv, Çatışmaların kaynağı olarak ayrımcılık, A.Ü. S.B.F. İnsan Hakları Merkezi Yayınları, Ankara, 1996
- ^ a b International Affairs Agency Turkish Dossier Program, The Western Thrace Turks issue in Turkish-Greek relations, International Affairs Agency, 1992, p. 105.
- ^ Philip Hendrick Stoddard, The Ottoman government and the Arabs, 1911 to 1918: a preliminary study of the Teskilât-ı Mahsusa, Princeton University, 1963, pp. 52-53.
- ISBN 978-1-58567-334-6, p. 102.
- ISBN 978-0-275-98876-0, p. 259.
- ^ Panayotis D. Cangelaris: "The Western Thrace Autonomous Government "Muhtariyet" Issue (1913) Philatelic Exhibit". Cangelaris.com. Retrieved 2016-09-25.
- ^ The Destruction of Thracian Bulgarians in 1913, Lybomir Miletich, 1918, p. 205
- ISBN 960-8353-45-9.
- . Retrieved 18 March 2022.
Passing from the Ottoman state to Bulgaria in 1912, to the Entente in 1919 and then to Greece in 1920 as part of its "new lands", Western Thrace was exempted from the population exchange between Turkey and Greece
- ^ Miletich (1918), p.197
- ^ Miletich (1918), p.198
- ^ Miletich (1918), p.218
- ^ Miletich (1918), p.219
- ^ Miletich (1918), p.217
- ^ Miletich (1918), p.280
- ^ a b Çeçen, Anıl, Tarihte Türk Devletleri, Milliyet Kültür Yayınları, İstanbul 1986
- ^ "Τουρκική Δημοκρατία Δυτικής Θράκης - Υπερβολή ή πραγματική απειλή". Archived from the original on 2013-10-29. Retrieved 2013-10-27.
- ^ a b "Western Thrace, Autonomous Government (1913) » Dead Country Stamps and Banknotes". Dcstamps.com. 21 December 2012. Retrieved 2016-09-25.
Bibliography
- Miletich, Lyubomir (1918). 'Разорението на тракийските българи през 1913'. Bulgarian Academy of Sciences.
Notes
- : Aftónomi Kyvérnisi Dytikís Thrákis