Psophia
Trumpeters | |
---|---|
Grey-winged trumpeter (Psophia crepitans) | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Aves |
Order: | Gruiformes |
Family: | Psophiidae Bonaparte, 1831 |
Genus: | Psophia Linnaeus, 1758 |
Type species | |
Psophia crepitans (grey-winged trumpeter) Linnaeus, 1758
| |
Species | |
3–8, see text | |
Approximate distribution of grey-winged (red), pale-winged (green) and dark-winged trumpeter (orange). The ranges are separated by large rivers. |
Psophia is a genus of birds restricted to the humid forests of the
Taxonomy and systematics
The genus Psophia was introduced in 1758 by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus, in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae, as containing a single species, the grey-winged trumpeter (Psophia crepitans).[4][5] The genus name is from the Ancient Greek psophos meaning "noise".[6]
The genus' taxonomy is far from settled; anywhere from three to six species (with varying numbers of subspecies) are recognized by different taxonomic systems.
The
- Grey-winged trumpeter, Psophia crepitans
- P. c. crepitans
- P. c. napensis
- P. c. ochroptera
- Pale-winged trumpeter, Psophia leucoptera
- Dark-winged trumpeter, Psophia viridis
- P. v. viridis
- P. v. dextralis
- P. v. obscura
The Clements taxonomy splits P. v. dextralis and adds English names to the subspecies:[8]
- Gray-winged trumpeter, Psophia crepitans
- P. c. crepitans (gray-winged)
- P. c. napensis (Napo)
- P. c. ochroptera (ochre-winged)
- Pale-winged trumpeter, Psophia leucoptera
- Dark-winged trumpeter, Psophia viridis
- P. v. viridis (green-backed)
- P. v. dextralis (dusky-backed)
- P. v. interjecta (Xingu)
- P. v. obscura (black-backed)
BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) recognizes six species:[9]
- Grey-winged trumpeter, Psophia crepitans
- P. c. crepitans
- P. c. napensis
- Ochre-winged trumpeter, Psophia ochroptera
- White-winged trumpeter, Psophia leucoptera
- Green-winged trumpeter, Psophia viridis
- Olive-winged trumpeter, Psophia dextralis
- P. d. dextralis
- P. d. interjecta
- Black-winged trumpeter, Psophia obscura
Traditionally, only three species of trumpeters have been recognised.
Behaviour and ecology
Trumpeters fly weakly but run fast; they can easily outrun dogs.[1] They are also capable of swimming across rivers.[3] They spend most of the day in noisy flocks, sometimes numbering more than 100, on the forest floor.[1] They feed on fallen fruit (particularly fruit knocked down by monkeys). They also eat a small amount of arthropods, including ants and flies,[1] and even some reptiles and amphibians.[3] At night they fly with difficulty into trees to roost 6 to 9 metres (20 to 30 ft) above the ground.[1]
Trumpeters nest in a hole in a tree or in the crown of a
Relationship with humans
Trumpeters are often used as "
References
- ^ ISBN 1-55297-777-3.
- ISBN 1-85391-186-0.
- ^ ISBN 0-691-08371-1. Retrieved 2008-09-19.
- ^ Linnaeus, Carl (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 154.
- ^ Peters, James Lee, ed. (1934). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 2. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 155.
- ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
- ^ Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P., eds. (August 2022). "Finfoots, flufftails, rails, trumpeters, cranes, Limpkin". IOC World Bird List. v 12.2. Retrieved August 9, 2022.
- ^ Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, S. M. Billerman, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2022. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2022. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ retrieved November 10, 2022
- ^ HBW and BirdLife International (2021) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 6. Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v6_Dec21.zip retrieved August 7, 2022
- South American Classification Committee
- .
- PMID 21795268.
- ISBN 0-691-09250-8.
- ^ Spruce, Richard (1908). Alfred Russel Wallace (ed.). Notes of a Botanist on the Amazon & Andes. Vol. i. Macmillan. p. 340. Retrieved 2008-09-15.
- ISBN 0-87098-027-0.
External links
- Media related to Psophiidae at Wikimedia Commons
- Trumpeter videos on the Internet Bird Collection