Pyricularia

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Pyricularia
Pyricularia oryzae
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Fungi
Division:
Ascomycota
Subdivision:
Pezizomycotina
Class:
Sordariomycetes
Subclass:
Sordariomycetidae
Order:
Magnaporthales
Family:
Pyriculariaceae
Genus:
Pyricularia

Sacc. 1880
Species

See text.

Pyricularia is a genus of fungi which was named by Saccardo in 1880.[1]

The

Pyricularia grisea isolates), defining the family Pyriculariaceae.[2]

Etymology

The genus Pyricularia is named after the pyriform (pear-shaped) shape of its conidia.[3][4]

Pathogenicity

The genus Pyricularia includes species that are pathogenic on a wide range of

Pyricularia oryzae (sexual morph Magnaporthe oryzae), the causal agent of the rice blast disease, is one of the most widely distributed diseases of rice, and is highly destructive leading to up to 30% yield loss worldwide.[5] Pyricularia oryzae isolates from rice are mostly host-specific and infect only few host plants beside rice (barley and Lolium).[6][7][8][9] Pyricularia oryzae isolates from other host plants such as Eleusine, Setaria and Triticum are also host-specific, and unable to infect rice.[7][8][4][9] The closely related species P. oryzae and Pyricularia grisea are indistinguishable in morphology of conidium, perithecium and ascopore. Pyricularia grisea isolates from Digitaria were shown to form a distinct clade by phylogenetic analysis[7][10][11][12][13] and infect crabgrass (Digitaria), but not other hosts.[7][14][15][16] However, some P. oryzae isolates from rice and other grasses and some P. grisea isolates from crabgrass were described to show cross-infectivity on crabgrass and rice, respectively.[13]

Sexual morphs

Sexual morphs were reported for P. grisea and P. oryzae. The genus Pyricularia comprises several other species for which the sexual morph has not yet been discovered.

Species

Taxonomy

Conidia are solitary, pyriform to obclavate, narrowed toward tip, rounded at the base, 2-septate, hyaline to pale brown, with a distinct basal hilum, sometimes with marginal frill.[1]

Type species: Pyricularia grisea Sacc., Michelia 2(no. 6): 20. 1880.

Family

Species of Pyricularia s. str. belong to a monophyletic clade that includes P. oryzae/P. grisea isolates, and was defined as Pyriculariaceae.[2] Pyriculariaceae is sister to the Ophioceraceae, representing two novel families.[2] These clades are clearly distinct from species belonging to the Gaeumannomyces pro parte/Magnaporthiopsis/Nakataea generic complex that are monophyletic and define the family Magnaporthaceae.

References

  1. ^ a b Saccardo, P.A. Michelia 2(no. 6): 20. 1880
  2. ^
    PMID 25492987
    .
  3. PMID 16596952
    .
  4. ^
    ISSN 1345-2630
    .
  5. PMID 19187990
    .
  6. ^ Ou S.H. CAB International; Wallingford, UK: 1985. Rice diseases.
  7. ^
    S2CID 6313236
    .
  8. ^
    PMID 15802503
    .
  9. ^
    S2CID 17976694
    .
  10. PMID 21156541
    .
  11. PMID 17656080
    .
  12. PMID 19138233
    .
  13. ^
    PMID 23468934
    .
  14. PMID 17036061
    .
  15. PMID 20565683
    .
  16. doi:10.1094/pd-70-125
    .

External links

Pyricularia in Index Fungorum

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