Radio beacon
In
Radio beacons transmit a continuous or periodic radio signal with limited information (for example, its identification or location) on a specified radio frequency. Occasionally, the beacon's transmission includes other information, such as telemetric or meteorological data.
Radio beacons have many applications, including air and sea navigation, propagation research,
Types
The most basic radio-navigational aid used in aviation is the
Marine beacons, based on the same technology and installed in coastal areas, have also been used by ships at sea.[2][3] Most of them, especially in the Western world, are no longer in service, while some have been converted to telemetry transmitters for differential GPS.[4]
Other than dedicated radio beacons, any
ILS marker beacons
A marker beacon is a specialized beacon used in aviation, in conjunction with an instrument landing system (ILS), to give pilots a means to determine distance to the runway. Marker beacons transmit on the dedicated frequency of 75 MHz. This type of beacon is slowly being phased out, and most new ILS installations have no marker beacons.
Amateur radio propagation beacons
An amateur radio propagation beacon is specifically used to study the propagation of radio signals. Nearly all of them are part of the amateur radio service.
Single-letter high-frequency beacons
A group of radio beacons with single-letter identifiers ("C", "D", "M", "S", "P", etc.) transmitting in Morse code have been regularly reported on various high frequencies. There is no official information available about these transmitters, and they are not registered with the International Telecommunication Union. Some investigators suggest that some of these so-called "cluster beacons" are actually radio propagation beacons for naval use.
Space and satellite radio beacons
Beacons are also used in both
A beacon was left on the Moon by crew of Apollo 17, the last Apollo mission, transmitting FSK telemetry on 2276.0 MHz[5]
Driftnet buoy radio beacons
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Driftnet radio buoys are extensively used by fishing boats operating in open seas and oceans.
Some types of driftnet buoys, called "SelCall buoys", answer only when they are called by their own ships. Using this technique the buoy prevents nets and fishing gears from being carried away by other ships, while the battery power consumption remains low.[7]
Distress radio beacons
Distress radio beacons, also collectively known as distress beacons, emergency beacons, or simply beacons, are those
There are three kinds of distress radio beacons:
- EPIRBs (emergency position-indicating radio beacons) signal maritime distress
- ELTs (emergency locator transmitters) signal aircraft distress
- PLBs (personal locator beacons) are for personal use and are intended to indicate a person in distress who is away from normal emergency response capabilities (i.e. 911)
The basic purpose of distress radio beacons is to rescue people within the so-called "golden day" [1] (the first 24 hours following a traumatic event), when the majority of survivors can still be saved.
Wi-Fi beacons
In the field of
AX.25 packet radio beacons
Stations participating in packet radio networks based on the AX.25 link layer protocol also use beacon transmissions to identify themselves and broadcast brief information about operational status. The beacon transmissions use special UI or Unnumbered Information frames, which are not part of a connection and can be displayed by any station.[9][10] Beacons in traditional AX.25 amateur packet radio networks contain free format information text, readable by human operators.
This mode of AX.25 operation, using a formal machine-readable beacon text specification developed by Bob Bruninga, WB4APR, became the basis of the APRS networks.
See also
- iBeacon
- Non-directional beacon
- Marker beacon
- Letter beacon
- Radio direction finder
- Direction finding
- Bluetooth and Wi-Fi
- Mobile phone tracking
- Robotic mapping
- Rebecca/Eureka transponding radar
References
- ISBN 9780850451634.
- ISBN 978-0-7077-1956-6.
- ISBN 0-7102-1271-2.
- ISSN 1749-7809.
- ISBN 0-900612-63-0.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link - ^ "Pelagic Fishing Methods in the Pacific" (PDF). Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council. Retrieved 2008-06-07.
- ISSN 1748-8117.
- IEEE. 2003. p. 2.
- ^ "AX.25 Link Access Protocol for Amateur Packet Radio" (PDF). TAPR. Retrieved 2008-03-05.
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: External link in
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- ISBN 0-87259-011-9.)
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: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link
Further reading
- Klawitter, G. (2001). Funk-Baken und Indikatorstationen (in German). Siebel Verlag. ISBN 3-89632-055-6.
- An Accurate and Cheap Navigation System for Robots Archived 2022-01-20 at the Wayback Machine, using sonar beacons.
- Minimum-resource distributed navigation and mapping Archived 2011-06-05 at the Wayback Machine, using IR beacon.
- Alan Gale, G4TMV. "NDB List on-line resources list". Retrieved 2008-04-27.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - Godfrey Manning (December 2007). "Sky High: ADF and NDBs". Radio User. 2 (12). PW Publishing Ltd: 25. ISSN 1748-8117.
- Godfrey Manning (January 2008). "Sky High: NDB/ADF". Radio User. 3 (1). PW Publishing Ltd: 24–25. ISSN 1748-8117.
- "WPA deployment for public access" (PDF). WiFi Alliance. 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-03-06. Retrieved 2008-04-27.
- Five steps to creating a Wireless Network Archived 2009-08-24 at the Wayback Machine