Reynoutria

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Reynoutria
Japanese knotweed, Reynoutria japonica
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Polygonaceae
Subfamily: Polygonoideae
Genus: Reynoutria
Houtt.[1]

Reynoutria is a genus of flowering plants in the Polygonaceae, also known as the knotweed or buckwheat family. The genus is native to eastern China, Eastern Asia and the Russian Far East, although species have been introduced to Europe and North America.[1] Members of the genus, including R. japonica (Japanese knotweed) and its hybrid with R. sachalinensis, are highly invasive plants.

Description

Species placed in the genus Reynoutria are robust erect

styles.[2]

Taxonomy

The genus Reynoutria was erected by Maarten Houttuyn in 1777 for the species R. japonica. It was named in honour of Herr von Reynoutre who had been reported to have done a great deal of service to botany.[3][4] As with many species in the family Polygonaceae, the taxonomic boundaries of Reynoutria have been much confused; in particular, it has been repeatedly merged with and separated from Fallopia.[5] This reorganization began in 1856 or 1857, when Carl Meissner grouped Reynoutria together with Fallopia in Polygonum sect. Tiniaria Meisn. and continued through to the late 20th century, with competing arguments based around plant morphology, habit and chemistry.[6][7] A series of molecular phylogenetic studies have clarified these relationships; Reynoutria is a well-supported monophyletic taxon.[8][9][10][2][11][5]

Reynoutria is placed in the tribe Polygoneae of the subfamily Polygonoideae. Within the tribe, it is most closely related to the genera Muehlenbeckia and Fallopia s.s., forming the so-called "RMF clade".[5] While Muehlenbeckia and Fallopia s.s. are believed to be more closely related, all three share the morphological character of extra floral nectaries.

Polygoneae

Knorringia

Polygonum ciliinode (syn. Fallopia ciliinodis)

DAP clade
RMF clade

Species

Reynoutria multiflora
Reynoutria sachalinensis

As of February 2019, Plants of the World Online recognized the following species:[1]

Invasive potential

All members of the RMF clade appear to have the potential to become invasive, in some cases via vigorous hybrids.

R. × bohemica, is also invasive, particularly in North America. R. japonica hybridizes with the New Zealand Muehlenbeckia australis. (The related M. complexa has established populations in southern parts of Britain and in the Channel Islands.)[5]

References

  1. ^ a b c "Reynoutria Houtt.", Plants of the World Online, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, retrieved 2019-02-25
  2. ^
    S2CID 84015547
  3. ^ "Plant Name Details for Reynoutria Houtt.", The International Plant Names Index, retrieved 2019-03-03
  4. ^ Houttuyn, M (1777) [1720-1798], "Reynoutria", Natuurlyke historie of Uitvoerige beschryving der dieren, planten, en mineraalen, vol. 2, pp. 639–640, retrieved 2019-03-03
  5. ^
    doi:10.12705/646.5
  6. PMID 37251615
    .
  7. ISSN 0024-4074
    .
  8. S2CID 84694521
  9. JSTOR 41059829
  10. doi:10.1002/tax.606010, cited in Schuster et al. (2015)
  11. PMID 23994356
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