Richard Lucae

Richard Lucae
Born	Johannes Theodor Volcmar Richard Lucae (1829-04-12)12 April 1829 Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia
Died	26 November 1877(1877-11-26) (aged 48) Berlin, German Empire
Occupation	Architect
Spouse	Marie Schacht
Buildings	Alte Oper Borsig Palace

Richard Lucae (12 April 1829 – 26 November 1877 ; full name: Johannes Theodor Volcmar Richard Lucae) was a German architect and from 1873 director of the Berliner Bauakademie.

Early life

Richard Lucae came from an old

Lucae received training as a surveyor 1847–49. In 1850 he began studies in plasterwork at the Berlin Academy of Architecture (German: Berliner Bauakademie) at the instigation of Johann Gottfried Schadow. He could not pass the entrance examination, so Schadow asked him to simply paint a human ear from memory. When Lucae was able to do it with ease, Schadow admitted him to the class contrary to all the rules.^[2] Lucae completed his studies in 1852 and then received practical experience in the construction of Cologne Cathedral from 1853 to 1855. He then returned to the Bauakademie for advanced studies (1855–1859), taught there from 1859 onward, joined the academic committee in 1863, and in 1873 became its Director.^[1]

Career

Richard Lucae's first complete work is the

After a study journey to Italy in 1859, Lucae was at first unable to find work in Berlin. All public building was tightly controlled by the Prussian government. He therefore started his own architectural business and focused on private residential buildings, such as Villa Kamel (1860) and Villa Siemens (1874-76). He then began work on the monumental

Richard Lucae's residential work solidified his reputation and brought him into contact with prominent industrialists of the period. He went on to win design competitions for large public projects in 1873, including the

In 1876 the new German government initiated plans to create theKöniglich Technische Hochschule Charlottenburg (Royal Technical University Charlottenburg) in a merger of the Bauakademie and the Königliche Gewerbeakademie (Royal Trade Academy). Richard Lucae was called upon to design the new main building for the university, at that time the largest construction project in Berlin. He completed the grand Neo-Renaissance plans shortly before his death, with architect Friedrich Hitzig and master builder Julius Raschdorff making alterations during execution of the project. The new university opened in 1879.^[1][5]

Other work

Lucae was a prolific lecturer and writer. He became a critic of the existing architectural styles and deplored housing of the era for its lack of natural lighting, ventilation, and functionality.^[6] In particular he was fascinated by the new iron and glass buildings exemplified by the Crystal Palace. In contrast to conservative architects of the day, Lucae embraced this technology as a new way of defining architectural space.^[7]

By 1877 he was also serving as a Privy Councillor in the Prussian government's Technical Construction Department and was a member of both the Prussian Academy of Arts (German: Kunstakademie) and the Art Association (German: Kunstverein). He was friends with Theodor Fontane and F. Kugler through his membership in the literary club Tunnel über der Spree, which influenced literary life in Berlin for more than seventy years.^[8]

One of Lucae's students at the Bauakademie was Alfred Messel, who became one of the most well-known German architects at the turn of the 20th century^[9] He created new architectural style which bridged the transition from historicism to modernism, reflected in his designs for such buildings as the Pergamon Museum and Wertheim department store.^[10]

Legacy

Several of Richard Lucae's buildings went on to lead interesting lives in the history of Germany. Many were subsequently damaged or destroyed during World War II, with a few repaired or restored. His most notable buildings and their current status include:

• All of the private homes and villas Lucae built in Berlin were destroyed.^[8]
• The
  bombing of Frankfurt on the night of 23 March 1944. In 1952 interim measures were taken to prevent the ruin from collapsing entirely. There were plans to demolish it and build an office block, but a citizen's initiative began in 1953 to save what became known as "the most beautiful ruin in Germany."^[11] Reconstruction proceeded slowly and the restored, modernized building was reopened on 28 August 1981 with a gala concert featuring Gustav Mahler's Symphony No. 8 attended by the President of Germany.^[4]
• The
  East German Bauakademie der DDR. In 1962 it was demolished to make room for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of East Germany. That building was in turn demolished in the 1990s after German reunification. In 2004 the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation sponsored the construction of simulated canvas façade of the original Bauakademie to give an impression of its volume and form. Sculptors also replicated a corner of the building with molded bricks and terra cotta. Within the structure the former Red Room on the first floor was modeled and used for events and exhibitions.^[12] On 11 November 2016 the Bundestag released EUR 62 million to reconstruct the Bauakademie.^[13]
• New Reich Chancellery by Albert Speer. The entire complex was destroyed during the Battle of Berlin in 1945 and the ruins were demolished by Soviet occupation forces in 1947.^[14]
• Villa Joachim was rededicated as the new home of
  Deutsche Studentenschaft attacked the Institute, hauling the library and archives out to be burned in the streets. The building was then seized by the Nazi government for its own uses. It was destroyed in a bombing raid on the night of 22–23 November 1943, and the rubble was cleared away in 1950.^[16]
• The
  Technical University Berlin was also severely damaged in the bombing of 22–23 November 1943. The central northern wing was a ruin and replaced by a flat office block in the 1960s. The rear wings and internal courtyards were externally restored to their original appearance.^[17][18]
• The tombstone Richard Lucae designed for himself and his family in the Stahnsdorf South-Western Cemetery (German: Südwestfriedhof der Berliner Synode) had been swept away by 1946. In 2012 a new memorial to him and his wife was dedicated by the non-profit society "Friends of the Ivy", funded by the International Building Academy Berlin, the Technical University of Berlin Museum of Architecture, and others. The new memorial stone is located on his original grave.^[19]

List of works

• 1856–58: Church of the Resurrection, Katowice (extant)
• 1861–62: Villa Heckmann, Berlin (destroyed)^[20]
• 1861–63: Villa Stoltmann, Berlin (destroyed)
• 1868–70: Villa Henschel, Kassel (demolished during the depression, 1932)^[21]
• 1870–71: Villa Joseph Joachim, Berlin (damaged 1945, demolished 1950)
• 1872–73: Home of Dr. August Lucae, Lützowplatz, Berlin (destroyed 1943)
• 1872–76: State Theatre in Magdeburg (destroyed 1944)
• 1873–74: Villa von Heyden, Berlin
• 1873–74: Villa Werner Siemens, Berlin-Charlottenburg (destroyed 1944)
• 1873–80: Alte Oper, Frankfurt am Main (destroyed 1944, rebuilt 1981)
• 1874–75: Reconstruction of the Bauakademie, Berlin (damaged 1943, partially restored 1951, demolished 1962)
• 1875–78: Borsig Palace at Voßstraße 1, Berlin (damaged 1945, demolished 1947)
• 1875–78: Extension for the Prussian Ministry of Public Works, Voßstraße 35, Berlin (destroyed 1944)
• 1876–77: Technical University of Berlin (damaged 1943, partially rebuilt 1965)
• Chemistry Laboratory, Gewerbeakademie, Berlin (destroyed)
• Schloss von Homeyer, Ranzin
• Schloss Kuhnau
• Schloss Schönfeld

Writings

• Lucae, Richard (1869): "About the Power of Space in Architecture." Zeitschrift für Bauwesen (Journal of Construction). 19. Berlin: Ernst and Korn. pp. 295–306.

Notes

References

• Börsch-Supan, Eva (1987), "Lucae, Richard", Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 15, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 268–269; (full text online)
• Bedoire, Fredric (2004). The Jewish Contribution to Modern Architecture, 1830-1930 Translated by Robert Tanner. Jersey City: KTAV Publishing House, Inc.
  ISBN 9780881258080
• Blauert, Elke; Habel, Robert; Nägelke, Hans-Dieter, eds. (2009). Alfred Messel (1853-1909): Visionär der Großstadt. Munich: Edition Minerva.
  ISBN 9783938832530
• Demps, Laurenz (2000). Berlin-Wilhelmstraße. A Topography Prussian-German Power (in German). Berlin: Ch. Links Verlag, 3rd Edition.
  ISBN 3-86153-228-X
• Dorling Kindersley Ltd (2016). DK Eyewitness Travel Guide Berlin New York: DK Publishing.
  ISBN 9781465461612
• ISBN 9783843047227
  .
• Kolinsky, Eva and Van der Will, Wilfried (1998). The Cambridge Companion to Modern German Culture. Cambridge University Press.
  ISBN 9780521568708
• Mallgrave, H.F. (2009). Modern Architectural Theory: A Historical Survey, 1673--1968. Cambridge University Press.
  ISBN 9781139443401
• Zick, Wolfgang (2009). Ausstellung 125 Jahres Wissen im Zentrum: Entstehung und Bedeutung (in German). Berlin: Universitätbibliothek Technische Universität Berlin.
  ISBN 9783798321809 PDF online

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Richard Lucae.

• Inventory of Works by Richard Lucae, from the Architecture Museum of the Technical University Berlin