Richard Riemerschmid
Richard Riemerschmid (20 June 1868 – 13 April 1957) was a German architect, painter, designer and city planner from Munich. He was a major figure in Jugendstil, the German form of Art Nouveau, and a founder of architecture in the style. A founder member of both the Vereinigte Werkstätte für Kunst im Handwerk (United Workshops for Art in Handcrafts) and the Deutscher Werkbund and the director of art and design institutions in Munich and Cologne, he prized craftsmanship but also pioneered machine production of artistically designed objects.
Life and career
Riemerschmid was born in Munich, the sixth of nine children of Eduard Riemerschmid, who headed the Munich distillery founded by his father Anton Riemerschmid,
He began as an
He was a co-founder of the Vereinigte Werkstätten für Kunst im Handwerk (United Workshops for Art in Handcrafts) (1897 or 1898, originally Dresdner Werkstätten für Handwerkskunst, later Deutsche Werkstätten für Handwerkskunst and now Deutsche Werkstätten Hellerau)[4][5][6] and the Deutscher Werkbund (1907),[7][8] which he headed from 1920 to 1926.[3] From 1913 to 1924, he was director of the Munich Kunstgewerbeschule[9] (which merged with the Academy of Fine Arts in 1946), and from 1926 to 1931 was a professor at and the director of the Kölner Werkschulen (an art and design college which was a forerunner of the Academy of Media Arts Cologne).[3] He played an important role in the 1922 German Handcrafts Exhibition in Munich. He published books on art education.
Riemerschmid paved the way for the modern artistic handcrafts movement. Influenced by the English
Riemerschmid designed the site plan, the factory and some of the housing for Hellerau (now part of Dresden), which was the first garden city of the English type to be built in Germany.[22] As an architect, he is known particularly for his houses: his own house in Munich, the Villa Fischel in Kiel, the Fieser villa in Baden-Baden, and the Frank villa in Göttingen and country house in Witzenhausen, and for the uncompleted "Walddorfstraße" workers' housing complex in Hagen, Westphalia, although his major contribution to Jugendstil architecture was his interior for the Munich Schauspielhaus (playhouse; later the Kammerspiele).[3][23]
At the United Workshops in Hellerau, Riemerschmid developed a programme of machine production of art furniture. For example, a chair in his "music room" exhibit at the German Art Exhibition in Dresden in 1899 was so popular, the Workshops immediately placed it in production, it was also being manufactured and sold by
In 1895, Riemerschmid married the actress Ida Hofmann. They had four children.[1] In 1910, his sister Frieda became the second wife of Karl Schmidt-Hellerau, the founder of the United Workshops.[26]
After the
He is buried in the cemetery at
Selected works
- 1898–1906: Personal villa in the style of an English cottage, Pasing, Munich. Later extensions: studio and connecting building.[31] Furnishings removed in 2010.
- 1899: "Music salon" interior, shown at the German Art Exhibition in Dresden
- 1900: "The art-lover's room" interior, shown at the Paris Exposition of 1900
- 1901: Interior design of the Schauspielhaus (later the Kammerspiele) in Munich (architect: Max Littmann)
- 1902–1903: Fieser villa in Baden-Baden
- 1904: "Rector's room at the Industrial School in Nuremberg" interior, shown at the 1904 World's Fairin St. Louis
- 1904–05: Fischel villa in Kiel
- 1905: Rudolph villa in Dresden (destroyed)
- 1905–06: Sultan villa in Grunewald, Berlin,[32] commissioned in 1904 by Berlin industrialist Adolf Sultan, father of pianist Grete Sultan; demolished 1965.[33]
- 1906: Frank villa in Göttingen
- 1906: Fritz Frank country house in Witzenhausen
- 1907–10: Walddorfstraße Workers' Settlement for Hagener Textilindustrie Gebrüder Elbers AG in Hagen (only 11 houses built of the planned 87 buildings)[34]
- 1909–10: Scholten villa in Duisburg (demolished)
- 1909–11: Manufacturing plant, Deutsche Werkstätten für Handwerkskunst, Moritzburger Weg 67, Hellerau, Dresden
- 1909–11: Hoffmann villa in Halle
- 1909–13: Wieland villa in Ulm
- 1910: "Dining room" and "lady's chamber" interiors, shown at the 1910 International Exposition in Brussels
- 1910–12: Schwalten villa at Schwaltenweiher, Ostallgäu
- 1910–12: Carl villa, for the publisher Hans Carl, Höhenbergstraße 35, Feldafing
- 1911: Naumann villa in Riesa
- 1914: Interior design and furniture for the villa in the Werkbund exhibition at Cologne
- 1922: Factory building for Anton Riemerschmid Liquors on Prater Island, Munich
- 1924: War memorial, Schloßstraße, Ismaning
- 1925: Exhibition hall at the German Transport Exhibition in Munich
- 1928: Pavilion for Hermann Reckendorf GmbH, publisher, at the "Pressa" international press exhibition in Cologne
- 1928–29: Schaffer villa in Klingenmünster
- 1929–31: Wefelscheid villa in Bendorf
Selected publications
- Wege und Irrwege unserer Kunsterziehung. Berlin: Reckendorf, [1917]
- Künstlerische Erziehungsfragen. Flugschriften des Münchner Bundes. 2 vols. Munich: Müller, 1917, 1919
Honours
- 1914: Geheimrat, Kingdom of Bavaria
- 1924: Geheimer Regierungsrat, Bavaria
- 1943: Goethe-Medaille für Kunst und Wissenschaft
- 1951: City of Munich architecture prize
- 1952: Großes Bundesverdienstkreuz (Commander)
- 1952: City of Munich grand prize for art
- 1954: Honorary membership in the Academy of Fine Arts, Munich
- 1955: Honorary doctorate in engineering, Technische Hochschule Stuttgart, now the University of Stuttgart
References
- ^ a b c Winfried Nerdinger, Richard Riemerschmid, vom Jugendstil zum Werkbund: Werke und Dokumente. Eine Ausstellung der Architektursammlung der Technischen Universität München, des Münchner Stadtmuseums und des Germanischen Nationalmuseums Nürnberg, Ausstellungskatalog der Architektursammlung der Technischen Universität München und des Münchner Stadtmuseums 4, Munich: Prestel, 1982, p. 9 (in German)
- ^ ISBN 978-1-84000-371-0, p. 30.
- ^ a b c d e Antonia Gruhn-Zimmermann, "Riemerschmid, Richard", Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German)
- ISBN 978-3-8228-2475-7, p. 123.
- ISBN 0-500-20248-6
- ^ Alexander Koch, Das neue Kunsthandwerk in Deutschland und Oesterreich: unter Berücksichtigung der Deutschen Gewerbeschau, Muenchen, 1922, Darmstadt: Koch, 1923, OCLC 641744964, p. 117 (in German)
- ISBN 978-3-937390-22-2, p. 237(in German)
- ISBN 978-3-925369-52-0, p. 30(in German)
- ISBN 0-7148-3469-6, p. 182.
- ^ The name and concept of the Vereinigte Werkstätten both derived from William Morris; Nerdinger, p. 16
- ISBN 978-0-85613-712-9, p. 128.
- ISBN 978-0-87633-076-0, p. 110: "Riemerschmid's endeavor to harmonize form and function results in a simplicity that was much acclaimed by his contemporaries."
- ^ Nerdinger, p. 214.
- ISBN 978-0-415-37468-2, p. 58, Runge and Scotland of Bremen, plus Riemerschmid, Olbrich and Paul designed 40 of the first class cabins.
- ^ "The Sumptuousness of Modern Travel", Current Opinion 56 (1914) pp. 478–84, p. 480.
- ^ A.L. Plehn, "Die Zimmerausstattung auf den Ausstellungen in Berlin, München und Dresden im Sommer 1899", Kunstgewerbeblatt 11 (1900) pp. 19–33, p. 30 (in German); picture of a mahogany corner seat by Riemerschmid p. 16.
- ^ Like William Morris: Nerdinger, p. 13.
- ISBN 978-0-88740-014-8, p. 192.
- ISBN 978-0-399-11749-7, p. 199.
- ISBN 978-0-19-518948-3, p. 97.
- ^ Just, p. 128 says it "achieved a remarkable distribution".
- ISBN 978-0-521-79004-8, p. 233.
- ^ Frank Russell, Art Nouveau Architecture, New York: Rizzoli, 1979, p. 180.
- ISBN 978-90-6450-619-2, p. 202.
- ^ Carola Nathan, Zerlegt und auf die Reise geschickt: Riemerschmids Fertighaus in Simbach, Monumente Online, April 2008 (in German)
- ^ Klaus-Peter Arnold, "Schmidt (seit 1938 Ehrenname Schmidt-Hellerau), Karl", Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German)
- ^ 1933/34: 3. Phase der Zerstörung – Besetzung und Besatzung im Werkbund, Geschichte, Deutscher Werkbund Nordrhein-Westfalen (in German)
- ^ Nerdinger, p. 26.
- ^ Die Kunst und das schöne Heim 45–46 (1943) p. 96 (in German)
- ^ Richard-Riemerschmid exhibition project, Richard-Riemerschmid-Berufskolleg (in German)
- ^ Leberecht Migge, "Garten-Frühling", Deutsche Kunst und Dekoration 22 (1908) pp. 190–96; Emil Pirchan, "Zweckmäßigkeit", pp. 197–98 (in German)
- ^ Walter Riezler, "Neue Arbeiten von Richard Riemerschmid", Deutsche Kunst und Dekoration 22 (1908) pp. 164–89 (in German)
- ISBN 978-3-7957-0800-9(in German)
- ^ Walddorf-Siedlung in Hagen, Route der Wohnkultur, Baukunst-NRW (in German)
Sources
- Michaela Rammert-Götz. Richard Riemerschmid, Möbel und Innenräume von 1895–1900. Schriften aus dem Institut für Kunstgeschichte der Universität München 22. Munich: Tuduv, 1987. ISBN 978-3-88073-253-7(in German)
- Bernhard Graf. Richard Riemerschmid, Bayerischer Architekt zwischen Jugendstil und Werkbund. Documentary. Bayerischer Rundfunk 2006 (in German)
- Maria Wüllenkemper. Richard Riemerschmid: "Nicht die Kunst schafft den Stil, das Leben schafft ihn". Regensburger Studien zur Kunstgeschichte 6. Regensburg: Schnell & Steiner, 2009. ISBN 978-3-7954-2095-6(in German)
- Detlef Lorenz. Reklamekunst um 1900. Künstlerlexikon für Sammelbilder. Berlin: Reimer, 2000. ISBN 978-3-496-01220-7(in German)
- Thomas Nitschke. Die Geschichte der Gartenstadt Hellerau. Dresden: Hellerau, 2009. ISBN 978-3-938122-17-4(in German)
- Freyja Hartzell. Richard Riemerschmid's Extraordinary Living Things. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 2022. ISBN 978-0-26204742-5
External links
- Literature by and about Richard Riemerschmid in the German National Library catalogue
- Examples of his art and design at ArtNet
- Examples of his work and biography from Grove Art Online at MOMA
- Textilarbeitersiedlung Walddorfstraße, Themenroute 9 – Industriekultur an Volme und Ennepe, Metropoleruhr (in German)
- Das Richard-Riemerschmid Berufskolleg in Köln (in German)