German National Library
German National Library | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Deutsche Nationalbibliothek | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Location | Frankfurt and Leipzig, Germany | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Type | National library | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Established | 1912 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Reference to legal mandate | Law regarding the German National Library | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Collection | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Items collected | Conventional printed works, those in microform, sound recording media and digital publications on physical storage devices and net publications | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Size | 43.7 million items (2021)[1] | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Criteria for collection | all publications published in Germany, all German-language publications published abroad, all translations into other languages of German-language works published abroad, all foreign-language publications about Germany published abroad known as "Germanica", written or printed works published between 1933 and 1945 by German-speaking emigrants | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Legal deposit | yes, since 1935 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Access and use | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Access requirements | Users must be at least 18 years old and present a valid passport or ID card. Library use is subject to a charge. A valid residence permit for Leipzig or Frankfurt am Main is requested for the application. | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Circulation | 350,713 (2018)[2] | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Members | 173,374 (2018)[2] | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Other information | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Budget | €54.9 million (2018)[2] | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Director | Frank Scholze (2020) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Employees | 641.5 FTE (2018)[2] | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Website | dnb.de | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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The German National Library (DNB; German: Deutsche Nationalbibliothek) is the central archival library and national bibliographic centre for the
Duties are shared between the facilities in
History
During the
Under Nazi rule, from 1933 to 1945, German libraries were censored, becoming extensions of National Socialist rule.[5][6] Books that Nazis seized in occupied countries entered German collections.[7][8][9][10][11]
In 1946, Georg Kurt Schauer, Heinrich Cobet, Vittorio Klostermann and Hanns Wilhelm Eppelsheimer, director of the Frankfurt University Library, initiated the re-establishment of a German archive library based in
With the
In July 2000, the DMA also assumed the role as repository for
German Exile Archive
One of the special activities of the German National Library involves the collection and processing of printed and non-printed documents of German-speaking emigrants and exiles during the period from 1933 to 1945.
The German National Library maintains two exile collections: the Collection of Exile Literature 1933–1945 of the German National Library in Leipzig and the German Exile Archive 1933–1945 [14] of the German National Library in Frankfurt am Main. Both collections contain printed works written or published abroad by German-speaking emigrants as well as leaflets, brochures and other materials produced entirely or in part by German-speaking exiles.
In 1998 the German National Library and the
In June 2012 the German National Library discontinued access to both collections on its website for legal reasons. The digitised versions are since then available for use in the reading rooms of the German National Library in Leipzig and Frankfurt am Main only, which caused partly harsh criticism.[15] The German National Library cited concerns over copyright as the reason, claiming that although the Library and the German Research Foundation had permission from the owners of the publication to put them online, the ownership of the "orphaned articles", that is, the individual authors, could not be ascertained as would be necessary because German legislation does not include a "fair use clause".
The Jewish German-language newspaper
Asmus, head of Deutsches Exilarchiv, claims that the ownership of articles from over 13,000 individual authors must first be confirmed and permissions obtained before the 70- to 80-year-old articles may be put online again, despite having had permission from the rightful owners of the publications to put the articles online. Asmus admits that there was not one single complaint of copyright violation.[17] Meanwhile, other German and international institutions such as Compact Memory, the Leo Baeck Institute and archive.org have no such compunctions and have begun restoring many of the deleted periodicals to the internet again.[note 1]
Working Group for the Collection of German Imprints
The German National Library only collects German imprints from 1913 onward.
- Bayerische Staatsbibliothekin Munich (1450–1600)
- Herzog August Bibliothekin Wolfenbüttel (1601–1700)
- Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen(1701–1800)
- Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenbergin Frankfurt am Main (1801–1870)
- Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin—Preussicher Kulturbesitz in Berlin (1871–1912)
- Deutsche Nationalbibliothek in both Frankfurt/Main and Leipzig (1913–)[13]
German Music Archive
The Deutsches Musikarchiv (DMA, German Music Archive) is the central collection of
Formerly situated in
German Museum of Books and Writing
The German Museum of Books and Writing (Deutsches Buch- und Schriftmuseum) is now hosted at the building in Leipzig. Founded in 1884 as the Deutsches Buchgewerbemuseum (German Book Trade Museum) it eventually made its way to the Deutsche Bücherei Leipzig in December 1925.[19] It is the world's oldest museum of book culture and addresses both experts and the general public. With over one million items in the collection, it is one of the most extensive in the world. They offer a wide variety of services including physical and virtual exhibitions, guided tours, seminars and workshops.[20]
Building in Leipzig
The main building of the German National Library in Leipzig was built 1914–1916 after plans of the architect Oskar Pusch. The facade is 160 m long and faces the "Deutscher Platz" (German Plaza). The building was opened on 19 October 1916. The site of the library (near to today's Alte Messe) had been donated by the city of Leipzig, while Friedrich August III, King of Saxony provided the funds for the building. On the facade, the portraits of Otto von Bismarck, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Johannes Gutenberg are displayed. Statues represent Technology, Justice, Philosophy, Medicine etc. The central reading room contains a picture by Ludwig von Hofmann, depicting Arcadia in Art Nouveau-style. The staircase displays a mural showing the founders of the German library. The Library also contains the German Museum of Books and Writing. The fourth expansion of the library began in 2007 and was opened to the public on 9 May 2011. Designed by Gabriele Glockler, whose concept for the building was "Cover. Shell. Content." it connects all sections of the building together for the first time.[21]
Building in Frankfurt am Main
The current building of the Frankfurt branch was officially inaugurated on 14 May 1997. Stuttgart architects Arat-Kaiser-Kaiser were commissioned to design the building after winning an architectural competition in 1984. Planning was delayed however and construction didn't begin until 1992. With an appearance dominated by four main materials: exposed concrete, steel, glass and light Canadian Maple, it features over 300 workstations across three floors, with a large window providing illumination to all of them. Additional storage is located in three levels of underground storage expected to contain enough space until 2045.[21]
Inventory
- Total: 43.7 million items[1]
- books: 17.3 million
- journals: 8 million
- audio records: 2.4 million
- electronic publications: 10.7 million
See also
- German National Library of Economics (ZBW)
- German National Library of Medicine (ZB MED)
- German National Library of Science and Technology (TIB)
- List of libraries in Germany
- The Collection of German Prints (Sammlung Deutscher Drucke or SDD)
- Gemeinsame Normdatei(GND) (Integrated Authority File)
- Books in Germany
Notes
- ^ Compare the major internet sources for Holocaust research, such as Yad Vashem, the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, and countless other institutions and libraries, all of which increase their internet content every year.
References
- ^ a b Jahresbericht 2021 (in German). Deutsche Nationalbibliothek. 2022. p. 46.
- ^ a b c d "Jahresbericht 2018" (in German). 2019. Retrieved 2019-06-03.
- Skyhorse Pub.
- ^ Fabian, Bernhard, ed. (2003). "Reichsbibliothek von 1848". Handbuch der historischen Buchbestände in Deutschland (in German). Hildesheim, Germany: Olms Neue Medien.
- S2CID 159922468.
- ^ "Bibliography: 1933 Book Burnings". www.ushmm.org. Retrieved 2022-01-22.
- S2CID 165188074.
- ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-01-22.
- ISSN 2195-1349. Retrieved 2022-01-22.
- ISSN 0882-7729. Retrieved 2022-01-22.
- ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 2022-01-22.
- ^ a b "History". Retrieved 2021-03-05.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-31511614-3.
- ^ "German Exile Archive 1933–1945". Retrieved 2021-03-05.
- ^ Tobias, Jim G. (2012-07-16). "Deutsche Nationalbibliothek blendet jüdische Geschichte aus" [German National Library blinds out Jewish History]. haGalil (in German).
- ^ Tobias, Jim G. (2012-07-19). "Absurd, irreführend und unbegründet" [Absurd, confusing, and without merit]. haGalil (in German).
- Jewish Museum, Berlin.
- ^ "Deutsche Nationalbibliografie". Retrieved 2021-03-05.
- ^ "Chronicle of the German Museum of Books and Writing". Deutsche National Bibliothek. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
- ^ "German Museum of Books and Writing". Deutsche National Bibliothek. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
- ^ a b "Building and Congress Center". Deutsche Nationalbibliothek. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
External links
- Official website (in German and English)
- "Deutsches Musikarchiv". Deutsche Nationalbibliothek (in German). 2023-01-01. Retrieved 2023-02-11.
- "Startseite". Sammlung Deutscher Drucke (in German). Retrieved 2023-02-11.
- "DE-101". Deutsche ISIL-Agentur und Sigelstelle (in German). Retrieved 2023-02-11.