Robert III of Artois

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Robert III of Artois
Count of Beaumont-le-Roger
Lord of Conches-en-Ouche, Domfront and Mehun-sur-Yèvre
Statue of Robert d'Artois in Versailles
Coat of arms
Born1287
Died1342 (aged 54–55)
London
Noble familyArtois
Spouse(s)
​
(m. 1320)​
IssueJohn, Count of Eu
Charles, Count of Pezenas
FatherPhilip of Artois
MotherBlanche of Brittany

Robert III of Artois (1287 – between 6 October & 20 November 1342)[1] was a French nobleman of the House of Artois. He was the Lord of Conches-en-Ouche, of Domfront, and of Mehun-sur-Yèvre, and in 1309 he received as appanage the county of Beaumont-le-Roger in restitution for the County of Artois, which he claimed. He was also briefly Earl of Richmond in 1341 after the death of John III, Duke of Brittany.

Life

Early years

Robert was the son of

Flemish.[3][4] His father's early death was an indirect cause of the dispute over the succession to the County of Artois
.

After the death of his grandfather

Battle of Courtrai in 1302, the young Robert's aunt, Mahaut
(sometimes called Mathilde), inherited the County of Artois by custom, as she was his eldest child. At the time, Robert was too young to challenge this succession, though he would do so later.

Influence

Robert played an important role in the succession to the throne of his brother-in-law Philip VI of France and was his trusted advisor for some time. It was through this influence that Philip granted him the County of Beaumont-le-Roger in June 1328[5] as compensation for Mahaut's inheritance of Artois. On Mahaut's death in 1329, the title to Artois passed to her daughter, Joan II, Countess of Burgundy. Following the example of the county of Flanders, Robert reopened the question of succession.

The fraudulent will

In 1329, Robert was found guilty of forging the will of his late father, using thirty-four perjured depositions and a fake document created by

Namur. Robert then fled to his nephew-in-law, John III, Duke of Brabant. Philip compelled the duke to abandon Robert, who fled across the English Channel to the court of Edward III of England
.

Refuge in England and death

Robert met Edward III and, according to later legends, urged the English king to go to war to claim the kingdom of France. While in England, Robert became a member of Edward's royal council and provided the king with extensive information about the French court. Many contemporary chroniclers relate how Robert's influence led directly to the start of the Hundred Years' War, particularly because Philip VI cited Edward's unwillingness to expel Robert as the reason for confiscating the Duchy of Guyenne in May 1337.

Robert followed Edward on his campaigns in the early part of the war, including commanding the Anglo-Flemish army at the

St Paul's Cathedral.[10]

In the late 1340s, a poetic oath called the Voeux du héron (Vow of the Heron) circulated in France and England, depicting Edward's invasion of France as the fulfilment of a chivalric oath made to Robert to take the French throne as his dynastic right.

Family

Around 1320 Robert married

Catherine I of Courtenay.[11]
They had:

In fiction

Robert III of Artois is a major character in

French miniseries adaptation of the series, and by Philippe Torreton in the 2005 adaptation.[13][14]

See also

References

  1. ^ Le Bel 2011, p. 149.
  2. ^ Dunbabin 2011, p. xiii.
  3. ^ de Lincy 1852, p. 53.
  4. ^ Field 2012, p. 366.
  5. ^ Wood 1966, p. 34.
  6. ^ Sample 2004, p. 287.
  7. ^ a b Warner 2020, p. 155.
  8. ^ a b Sample 2004, p. 303.
  9. ^ Sumption 1990, p. 339.
  10. ^ Sumption 1990, pp. 404–405.
  11. ^ Warner 2017, p. 14.
  12. ^ a b c d de Venette 1953, p. 312.
  13. ^ "Official website: Les Rois maudits (2005 miniseries)" (in French). 2005. Archived from the original on 15 August 2009. Retrieved 25 July 2015.
  14. ^ "Les Rois maudits: Casting de la saison 1" (in French). AlloCiné. 2005. Archived from the original on 19 December 2014. Retrieved 25 July 2015.

Sources

  • Le Bel, Jehan (2011). The True Chronicles of Jean Le Bel, 1290-1360. Translated by Bryant, Nigel. The Boydell Press.
  • Dunbabin, Jean (2011). The French in the Kingdom of Sicily, 1266–1305. Cambridge University Press.
  • Field, Sean L. (2012). The Beguine, the Angel, and the Inquisitor: The Trials of Marguerite Porete and Guiard of Cressonessart. University of Notre Dame Press.
  • de Lincy, Le Roux (1852). "Inventaires des Btens Meubles et Immeubles de la Comtesse Mahaut d'Artois Pilles par L'armee de son Neveu, en 1313". Bibliothèque de l'École des chartes, Troisieme Serie (in French). 3. Librairie Droz: 53-79.
  • Sample, Dana L. (2004). "The Deceived as Deceiver: Flase Testimony in the Case of Robert of Artois". In Crane, Mark; Raiswell, Richard; Reeves, Margaret (eds.). Shell Games: Studies in Scams, Frauds, and Deceits (1300-1650). Centre for Reformation and Renaissance Studies.
  • Sumption, Jonathan (1990). The Hundred Years War: Trial by Battle. Vol. 1. Faber & Faber.
  • de Venette, Jean (1953). Newhall, Richard A. (ed.). The Chronicle of Jean de Venette. Translated by Birdsall, Jean. Columbia University Press.
  • Warner, Kathryn (2017). Isabella of France: The Rebel Queen. Amberley Publishing.
  • Warner, Kathryn (2020). Philippa of Hainault: Mother of the English Nation. Amberley Publishing.155
  • Wood, Charles T. (1966). The French Apanages and the Capetian Monarchy, 1223-1328. Harvard University Press.


Peerage of England
Preceded by
John III of Brittany
 Earl of Richmond
1341–1342 		Succeeded by
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