County of Artois

Coordinates: 50°30′N 2°30′E / 50.500°N 2.500°E / 50.500; 2.500
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

County of Artois
Comté d'Artois (
Latin
)
1237–1659
Flag of Artois
Flag
Coat of arms of Artois
Coat of arms
Arras (Atrecht)
Common languagesOld Dutch, Middle Dutch, French
GovernmentFeudal county
Count of Artois 
• 1237–1250
Robert I (first)
• 1404–1419
John the Fearless (last)
Historical eraMiddle Ages
• To France as dowry
28 April 1180
• Count Robert I
1237
• Part of Burgundy
1384
• Passed to Habsburg
1493
• Joined
    Burgundian Circle
1512
5 November 1659
21 September 1792
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Kingdom of France
Kingdom of France
Burgundian Netherlands
Today part ofFrance
Blaeu: Artesia Comitatus, 1645

The County of Artois (French: comté d'Artois, Dutch: graafschap Artesië; Picard: Comté d'Artoé) was a historic province of the Kingdom of France, held by the Dukes of Burgundy from 1384 until 1477/82, and a state of the Holy Roman Empire from 1493 until 1659.

Present-day

French département of Pas-de-Calais
.

In northern

Dutch Revolt in 1576, participating in the alliance of the Pacification of Ghent until it became a member of the Union of Arras
in 1579.

After the Union, Artois and

Thirty Years War of 1618-1648. The annexation was acknowledged in the Treaty of the Pyrenees
in 1659, and Artois became a French province.

Location

Artois occupies the interior of the

Nord département and across central Belgium
.

History

Pompa Funebris Albert VII in Brussels

At the time of

Belgica
.

As Roman power waned, the civitas continued to exist as the original basis of the christian

Baldwin II, completed by his son and successor Count Arnulf I
.

A new territorial principality of Artois was established in 1180 by the division of the county of Flanders as a dowry given by the Flemish count

Ferrand at the Battle of Bouvines in 1214,[3] thereby acquiring the county for the French House of Capet, which was confirmed by the 1226 Treaty of Melun.[4]

In 1237, King Louis VIII gave the County of Artois as an

House of Artois, a cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty. After the death of his heir Count Robert II at the Battle of the Golden Spurs in 1302,[6] a succession dispute arose between Robert's daughter, Countess Mahaut and her nephew Robert III, who represented the claim of his father Philip, who had died after the Battle of Furnes in 1298. The dispute was settled in favour of Mahaut.[7] Upon her death in 1329, Artois passed to her daughter by the Anscarid count Otto IV of Burgundy, Countess Joan II. Joan II had inherited the County of Burgundy (Franche-Comté) in 1315 and when she died in 1330, she bequested Artois and Franche-Comté to her eldest daughter, Joan III
.

Joan III, Countess of Artois and Burgundy, entered into the dynastic allegiance with the ducal

Margaret III had married Duke Philip the Bold
in 1369.

Artois was then held by Philip's descendants from the Burgundian

Louis XI of France, he at first established the county as a seneschalty. Nevertheless, the Burgundian territories were also claimed by Archduke Maximilian I of Habsburg, the son of Emperor Frederick III and husband of Charles' daughter Mary the Rich. Maximilian's and Louis' troops met at the 1479 Battle of Guinegate. The Habsburg forces were victorious; however, Mary died in 1482 and Maximilian was only able to retain Flanders, while Artois and Franche-Comté were officially ceded to the French king by the Treaty of Arras
in 1482.

Louis' successor King

Louis XIII of France in 1640 and reverted to French rule by the 1659 Treaty of the Pyrenees
.

The title of Count of Artois was used only once more, for Charles-Philippe (1757–1836), grandson of King Louis XV, until he ascended as king in 1824.

References

  1. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc.
    , 15th edn., 1992, Vol. 1, p. 607.
  2. ^ Vanderkindere 1902, pp. 171–172.
  3. ^ Vanderkindere 1902, pp. 199–200.
  4. ^ Vanderkindere 1902, p. 201.
  5. ^ Vanderkindere 1902, p. 203.
  6. ^ Goethals-Vercruysse & Voisin 1834, p. 367.
  7. ^ Dana L. Sample, Philip VI’s Mortal Enemy: Robert of Artois and the Beginning of the Hundred Years War', The Hundred Years War (Part II): Different Vistas, ed. L.J. Andrew Villalon and Donald J. Kagay, (Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 2008), 264.

Bibliography

  • Vanderkindere, Léon (1902), La Formation territoriale des principautés belges au Moyen Âge (PDF) (in French), vol. 1, Brussels: H. Lamertin
  • Goethals-Vercruysse, Jacques Joseph Ignace; Voisin, Auguste (1834), Bataille de Courtrai, ou des Eperons d'Or (in French), Vanderheyden D. J.

External links


50°30′N 2°30′E / 50.500°N 2.500°E / 50.500; 2.500

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