Robert James Manion
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Conservative Party | |
---|---|
In office July 7, 1938 – May 13, 1940 | |
Preceded by | R. B. Bennett |
Succeeded by | Richard Hanson (acting) |
Member of Parliament for London | |
In office November 14, 1938 – March 25, 1940 | |
Preceded by | Frederick Cronyn Betts |
Succeeded by | Allan Johnston |
Member of Parliament for Fort William (Fort William and Rainy River; 1917–1925) | |
In office December 17, 1917 – October 13, 1935 | |
Preceded by | Riding created |
Succeeded by | Dan McIvor |
Personal details | |
Born | Pembroke, Ontario, Canada | November 19, 1881
Died | July 2, 1943 Ottawa, Ontario, Canada | (aged 61)
Political party | Conservative |
Other political affiliations | Unionist (1917-1921) |
Spouse |
Yvonne Desaulniers (m. 1906) |
Children | 3 |
Queen's University, Kingston Ontario and at the University of Edinburgh | |
Occupation | Physician |
Military service | |
Allegiance | Canada |
Branch/service | Canadian Army |
Years of service | 1916-1918 |
Rank | Captain |
Battles/wars | World War I |
Robert James Manion
A
Early life
Manion was born in
In 1915, he enrolled in the
Political career
This section needs additional citations for verification. (January 2023) |
Manion was elected to the House of Commons during the conscription election of 1917 as a Unionist Member of Parliament (MP) for Fort William, Ontario. A member of the Liberal Party before the war, he supported Conservative Prime Minister Robert Borden's pro-conscription Union government that was formed as a result of the Conscription Crisis of 1917. Manion remained with the Conservative Party after the war. The new prime minister, Arthur Meighen, appointed him Minister of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment in 1921. He spent most of the 1920s on the opposition benches, except for a few months in 1926 when he served as a minister in the second Meighen administration, including the position of Postmaster-General.
Following the federal election of 1930, the new Conservative Prime minister R. B. Bennett appointed Manion Minister of Railways and Canals. However, the economic crisis of the Great Depression destroyed the Bennett government, and Manion, with many others, lost his seat in the 1935 election. According to historian Roy Piovesana, Manion's loss was partly attributable to his failure to cultivate his Fort William riding.
Conservative Party leader
Despite not having a seat, Manion won the
Following his by-election win, Manion subsequently campaigned against conscription despite the fact that he had joined the Unionists in 1917 because he favoured the draft. Manion moved the Conservatives to the left and was criticized as a socialist due to his call for action against unemployment and his desire to, in his words, "bring a greater measure of social justice to all our citizens."[1]
He hoped to come to power due to the criticism the King government was facing after the brokerage of an agreement with the Union Nationale Premier of Quebec, Maurice Duplessis in which he promised federal funds for unemployment relief in Quebec in exchange for the Union Nationale's support for the Conservatives in the federal election. The onset of World War II and the re-emergence of conscription as an issue in Canada stymied Manion's hopes. In the 1939 Quebec election the federal Liberals warned that the Duplessis government's support for Manion would lead to conscription, despite Manion's claims that he opposed mandatory military enlistment.[1] The defeat of the government of Maurice Duplessis in Quebec dashed Manion's hopes of building an electoral alliance with the conservative premier. As well, his stand against conscription turned much of the Tory base in Ontario against the leader.
1940 federal election
King had promised Manion that he would not call an election due to the war but reversed his pledge and called a
Later life
After his election loss, Manion was appointed director of
See also
- Conscription Crisis of 1944
- Liberal-Unionist
Archives
There is a Robert James Manion fonds at Library and Archives Canada.[2]
Bibliography
- Manion, Robert James. A surgeon in arms. Toronto: McClelland, Goodchild & Stewart, 1918.
- Manion, R.J. Life is an adventure. Toronto : Ryerson Press, 1936.
- Naugler, Harold Adelbert. R.J. Manion and the Conservative Party 1938-1940. M.A. thesis 1966, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.
- Piovesana, Roy H. Robert J. Manion member of Parliament for Fort William 1917-1935. Thunder Bay : Thunder Bay Historical Museum Society, 1990.