Robert Strutt, 4th Baron Rayleigh
The Lord Rayleigh | |
---|---|
Born | Essex, England | 28 August 1875
Died | 13 December 1947 | (aged 72)
Nationality | British |
Education | Eton College |
Alma mater | Trinity College, Cambridge |
Known for | Rayleigh Rayleigh scattering |
Spouses | Lady Mary Hilda Clements
(m. 1905; died 1919)Kathleen Alice Coppin-Straker
(m. 1920) |
Children | 6 |
Scientific career | |
Fields | Experimental physics Chemical physics |
Institutions | Imperial College London |
Robert John Strutt, 4th Baron Rayleigh FRS[1] (28 August 1875 – 13 December 1947) was a British peer and physicist. He discovered "active nitrogen" and was the first to distinguish the glow of the night sky.
Early life and education
Strutt was born at Terling Place, the family home near Witham, Essex, the eldest son of John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh and his wife Evelyn Georgiana Mary (née Balfour). He was thus a nephew of Arthur Balfour and of Eleanor Mildred Sidgwick. He was educated at Eton College and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he initially read mathematics, but changed after two terms to Natural Sciences.[2] He became a research student in physics at the Cavendish Laboratory under J. J. Thomson, whose biography he subsequently wrote.[3] His work at this time was on discharge of electricity through gases, including early work on x-rays and electrons. He wrote one of the first books on radioactivity, The Becquerel rays and the properties of radium (E. Arnold, 1904).[4] He was awarded the Coutts Trotter studentship in 1898 and was a Fellow of Trinity College 1900–1906.[2] He received his M.A. in 1901.[5]
Career
Strutt was elected a
Strutt's best known work in the period 1904–1910 was the estimation of the age of minerals and rocks by measurement of their radium and helium content.
In 1910 Robert Strutt discovered that an electrical discharge in nitrogen gas produced "active nitrogen",
In 1916, working with his colleague Alfred Fowler, Strutt was the first to prove the existence of ozone in the atmosphere by examining the ultra-violet spectrum of the setting sun.[1] Strutt proved that the ozone was mainly located in the upper atmosphere, in what is now called the ozone layer.
Following the death of his father in 1919, Strutt resigned his chair at Imperial College but continued to experiment at home in the private laboratory that his father had established in an old stable block.
The rayleigh, a unit of photon flux used to measure airglow, is named after him. A special issue of Applied Optics published in 1964 is devoted to the 3rd[11] and 4th Barons Rayleigh.[12]
Personal life
Strutt inherited his title on the death of his father in 1919, becoming the 4th Baron Rayleigh. He had married twice: firstly on 5 July 1905 Lady Mary Hilda Clements, daughter of Robert Clements, 4th Earl of Leitrim (she died 1919), and secondly, in 1920, Kathleen Alice, daughter of John Coppin-Straker of Northumberland. He had five children (including one who died in childhood) by his first wife, including his heir John Arthur Strutt, 5th Baron Rayleigh and the Hon. Charles Strutt; he had a sixth child by his second wife.[13]
- Violet Blanche Strutt (1906–1910)
- John Arthur Strutt, 5th Baron Rayleigh (1908–1988); married Ursula Brocklebank, no issue
- Hon. Charles Richard Strutt (1910–1981); married Hon. Jean Elizabeth Davidson (daughter of J. C. C. Davidson, 1st Viscount Davidson and Frances Davidson, Viscountess Davidson, herself the daughter of Willoughby Dickinson, 1st Baron Dickinson). Their only son John Gerald Strutt is the 6th Baron (current holder).
- Hon. Daphne Strutt (1911–2003); notably converted to Roman Catholicism after marrying John Lyon-Dalberg-Acton, 3rd Baron Acton, 11 children including the 4th Baron Acton[14]
- Hon. Hedley Vicars Strutt (1915–2012); served in World War II with the Scots Guards
- Hon. Guy Robert Strutt (1921–2007)
He died in Terling, Essex.
See also
References
- ^ JSTOR 768938.
- ^ doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/36360. (Subscription or UK public library membershiprequired.)
- ^ Lord Rayleign (1942) The Life of Sir J. J. Thomson Cambridge University Press
- ^ Rayleigh, Robert John Strutt (1904). The Becquerel rays and the properties of radium. University of California Libraries.
- ^ "Strutt, The Hon. Robert John (STRT894RJ)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
- ^ Lord Rayleigh's Presidential Address at the British Association Meeting held at Cambridge in 1938. Part I, Vision in nature and vision aided by science; Part II, Science and warfare. 1938.
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- ^ Robert John Strutt (1924)The Life of John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh Edward Arnold
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- ^ "John Arthur Strutt, 5th Baron Rayleigh of Terling Place". thepeerage. Retrieved 22 October 2010.
- ^ "Obituaries: Daphne Lady Acton". The Daily Telegraph. 22 March 2003.
Further reading
- Leigh Rayment's Peerage Pages
- Andrew T. Young, "Rayleigh scattering", Physics Today, pp. 42–48 (January 1982).
- Lord Rayleigh's Active Nitrogen
External links
- Works by or about Robert Strutt, 4th Baron Rayleigh at Wikisource