Robert William Thomson

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Robert William Thomson
Illustration of Thomson for The Illustrated London News, 29 March 1873.
Born29 June 1822
Stonehaven, Scotland, UK
Died8 March 1873 (age 50)
Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
Burial placeDean Cemetery, Edinburgh
SpouseClara Hertz
Children4, including Courtauld

Robert William Thomson

pneumatic tyre.[1]

Life

Thomson's house (right) at 3 Moray Place, Edinburgh

He was born on 29 June 1822

weaver who had knowledge of mathematics
.

Robert's father gave him a workshop, and by the time he was 17 years old he had rebuilt his mother's washing mangle so that the wet linen could be passed through the rollers in either direction, and had completed the first working model of his elliptic rotary steam engine which he perfected in later life. He served an engineering apprenticeship in Aberdeen and Dundee before joining a civil engineering company in Glasgow. He then went to work for an Edinburgh firm of civil engineers where he devised a new method of detonating explosive charges by the use of electricity, thus greatly reducing the loss of lives in mines throughout the world.

Thomson next worked as a railway engineer and supervised the

South Eastern Railway. Soon he set up his own railway consultancy business and proposed the line for the Eastern Counties Railway
which was accepted by Parliament and eventually developed.

Thomson was 23 years old when he

India-rubber inflated with air so that the wheels presented "a cushion of air to the ground, rail or track on which they run". This elastic belt of rubberized canvas was enclosed within a strong outer casing of leather which was bolted to the wheel. Thomson's "Aerial Wheels" were demonstrated in London's Regent's Park in March 1847 and were fitted to several horse-drawn carriages
, greatly improving the comfort of travel and reducing noise. One set ran for 1200 miles without a sign of deterioration.

In 1849 he invented the refillable fountain pen.[4]

In 1863 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, his proposer being Charles Piazzi Smyth. From 1869 to 1871 he served as president of the Royal Scottish Society of Arts.[5]

He amassed a large sum from his inventions and lived in a huge townhouse at 3 Moray Place on the Moray Estate in west Edinburgh.[6]

He died at home in Edinburgh on 8 March 1873 aged 50. He was buried in Dean Cemetery in west Edinburgh on the path leading from the centre of the cemetery to the south-west.

The grave of Robert William Thomson, Dean Cemetery

Family

Thomson married Clara Hertz (daughter of a diamond merchant) on the island of

John Fletcher Moulton (later Lord Moulton)
and died in 1888.

A tribute to Thomson in his birthplace, Stonehaven

Patents and developments

  • Pneumatic tyre ( see US Patent 5104 )
  • Writing and drawing instruments (the self-filling pen)
  • Improvements in obtaining and applying motive power
  • Dividing hard substances such as rock stone and coal
  • Steam boilers
  • Improvements in steam gauges
  • Steam omnibuses
  • Applying steam power in cultivating land
  • Elastic wheel tyres
  • Road steamers
  • Guiding road steamers on street tramways
  • Elastic belts, seats and other supports or cushions.

Thomson was also the originator of:

  • The washing mangle with reversible mangles
  • Elliptical rotary engine
  • Use of electricity to detonate explosive charges
  • Machinery for sugar manufacturing
  • The portable steam crane
  • Hydraulic dry dock

Honours

In 2020 he was inducted into the Scottish Engineering Hall of Fame.[7]

References

  1. ^ "Scotland's Forgotten Inventor – Robert William Thomson". Historic-UK.com. Retrieved 26 October 2008.
  2. ISBN 0-902-198-84-X
    .
  3. ^ see the US Patent 5104
  4. ^ "The Engineer - Late, great engineers: Robert William Thomson - of aerial wheels and fountain pens". The Engineer. 18 January 2023.
  5. ISBN 0-902-198-84-X
    .
  6. ^ edinburgh Post Office Directory 1872
  7. ^ "Scottish Engineering Hall of Fame". engineeringhalloffame.org. 2012. Retrieved 19 February 2022.

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_William_Thomson&oldid=1200868865"