Rudrahridaya Upanishad
| Rudrahridaya Upanishad | |
|---|---|
| Chapters | 1 |
| Verses | 52[3] |
| Philosophy | Shaivism |
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The Rudrahridaya Upanishad (
The Upanishad states that
History
The date or author of Rudrahridaya Upanishad is unknown. Manuscripts of this text are also found titled as Hridaya Upanishad,
Contents
The text opens by asserting that all Devas are manifestations of Rudra (Shiva), and all Devis are manifestations of Uma (Parvati).[10] They are inseparable, in forever union.[10][11]
Those who love Shiva, love Vishnu; those who hate Shiva, hate Vishnu asserts the text.[12] Those who worship Shiva, are worshipping Vishnu.[12] Rudra is full of Vishnu and Brahma.[12] Uma is same as Vishnu.[12] The masculine is Shiva, asserts the text, and the feminine is Bhavani (Uma).[13] What moves in the universe, is just Rudra-Uma manifestation, and what does not move in the universe is also just Rudra-Uma manifestation, states the text.[13][14] Dharma is Rudra, world is Vishnu, knowledge is Brahma, all is inseparable.[13][15]
Rudra and Uma
Rudra is man, Uma is woman.
Rudra is Brahma, Uma is Sarasvati.
Rudra is Vishnu, Uma is Lakshmi.
Rudra is the Sun, Uma is shadow.
Rudra is the Moon, Uma is star.
Rudra is day, Uma is night.
Rudra is Yajna, Uma is Vedi.
Rudra is Agni, Uma is Svaha.
Rudra is Veda, Uma is Shastra.
Rudra is scent, Uma is flower.
Rudra is meaning, Uma is word.
Prostrations to Him and Her.
The text, states Shakya, is the only Upanishad that presents the composite merged form of Rudra-Uma as all truth and reality, and emphasizes this hermaphrodite-style union aspect by presenting the unison in other combinations such as Brahma-Vani and Vishnu-Lakshmi.[1]
The later part of the Rudrahridaya Upanishad presents the Advaita theory of nonduality, by presenting threefold character of Atman.
See also
References
- ^ a b Shakya 2008, pp. 18–19.
- ^ a b c Tinoco 1996, p. 88.
- ^ a b Hattangadi 2000.
- ^ Dalal 2010, p. 432.
- ^ Ayyangar 1953, pp. 193–199.
- ^ a b c Vedic Literature, Volume 1, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Sanskrit Manuscripts, p. PA548, at Google Books, Government of Tamil Nadu, Madras, India, pages 265-270, 548-549
- ^ Kramrisch 1981, pp. 187–188.
- ^ Parmeshwaranand 2000, p. 404.
- ^ Deussen 1997, pp. 556–557.
- ^ a b Ayyangar 1953, pp. 193–195.
- ^ Hattangadi 2000, p. 2, verses 10, 11.
- ^ a b c d Ayyangar 1953, pp. 194–195.
- ^ a b c Ayyangar 1953, pp. 195–196.
- ^ a b Hattangadi 2000, p. 2.
- ^ Hattangadi 2000, p. 2, verse 16.
- ^ Ayyangar 1953, p. 196.
- ^ Ayyangar 1953, pp. 195–197.
- ^ Hattangadi 2000, pp. 3–4.
- ^ a b Ayyangar 1953, pp. 197–199.
- ^ Sastri 1925.
Bibliography
- Ayyangar, TRS (1953). Saiva Upanisads. Jain Publishing Co. (Reprint 2007). ISBN 978-0895819819.
- Dalal, Roshen (2010). Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide. Penguin Books India. ISBN 978-0-14-341421-6.
- Deussen, Paul (1997). Sixty Upanishads of the Veda. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-1467-7.
- Kramrisch, Stella (1981). The Presence of Śiva. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-8120804913.
- Hattangadi, Sunder (2000). "रुद्रहृदयोपनिषत् (Rudrahridaya Upanishad)" (PDF) (in Sanskrit). Retrieved 2 March 2016.
- Parmeshwaranand, Swami (2000), Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Upanisads, Volume 3, Sarup & Sons, ISBN 978-81-7625-148-8
- Shakya, Milan Ratna (2008). The cult of Bhairava in Nepal. Rupa & Co. ISBN 978-8129113047.
- Sastri, AM (1925). The Śaiva-Upanishads with the commentary of Sri Upanishad-Brahma-Yogin. Adyar Library. OCLC 7476979.
- Tinoco, Carlos Alberto (1996). Upanishads. IBRASA. ISBN 978-85-348-0040-2.