Ruhlandiella

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Ruhlandiella
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Fungi
Division:
Ascomycota
Subdivision:
Pezizomycotina
Class:
Pezizomycetes
Order:
Pezizales
Family:
Pezizaceae
Genus:
Ruhlandiella

Henn.
Type species
Ruhlandiella berolinensis
Henn.

Ruhlandiella is a

Nothofagaceae forests in South America and near Eucalyptus or Melaleuca plants in Australia, North America, and Europe.[3]

Ruhlandiella patagonica ascocarps

Species

Currently, there are seven accepted species of Ruhlandiella.[3]

Distribution

Ruhlandiella species have been found several continents across the globe. There are records of Ruhlandiella fungi from Argentina, Australia, Canary Islands, Chile, Italy, and United States (California).[3][4][5] Ruhlandiella patagonica is the most common species in Patagonia, whereas R. lophozoniae is apparently rare.[3] Ruhlandiella berolinensis has been found in Europe and North America. This could be a result of the import of Eucalyptus plants from Australia.[6]

Taxonomy

The genus was circumscribed in Hedwigia vol.42 on page 22 in 1903.

The genus name of Ruhlandiella is in honour of Wilhelm Otto Eugen Ruhland (1878–1960), who was a German

botanist, who worked firstly between 1899-1911 at the Berlin Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum.[7]

Ruhlandiella was originally a monotypic genus, first described by Paul Christoph Hennings in 1903 based on a single species: R. berolinensis.[5] His collections were made in a Berlin botanical greenhouse which contained Eucalyptus plants from Australia.[5] In 1989, Warcup and Talbot described a new genus: Muciturbo with 3 species: M. reticulatus, M. truncatus, and M. verrucosus, from New South Wales.[8] However, Rubio et al. (2010) recognized the strong morphological similarities between the two genera, and thus transferred M. reticulatus and M. truncatus to the genus Ruhlandiella, as Ruhlandiella reticulata and Ruhlandiella truncata.[9] Not long after, another species was described from Italy as Ruhlandiella peregrina.[4] Note that all these previous species were described either from Australia or Europe. In 2019, researchers from the University of Florida College of Agricultural and Life Sciences described two more species of Ruhlandiella discovered from deep Patagonian forests in South America (Chile and Argentina). These new species are Ruhlandiella patagonica and Ruhlandiella lophozoniae.[3] Additional taxa, such as Sphaerosoma fuscescens and Boudiera parvispora, were also thought to be Ruhlandiella species.[10][11] Further morphological analysis suggests that these two species do not belong to the genus Ruhlandiella.[3]

Morphology

Ascus of R. patagonica containing reticulate ascospores

Ruhlandiella species are characterized by their exothecial

globose, and range from 15 to 39 µm in diameter. The spore ornamentation is reticulate in all species except for R. truncata and R. verrucosa which have truncate ascospores.[8]

Systematics and evolution

The genus Ruhlandiella is a member the family

Tirmania, and Amylascus.[12] Recent phylogenetic analyses revealed that Ruhlandiella is composed of two biogeographically-defined clades: Australasian and South American.[3] The Australasian clade comprises Ruhlandiella berolinensis, Ruhlandiella reticulata, Ruhlandiella truncata, Ruhlandiella peregrina, and potentially Ruhlandiella verrucosa. The South American clade comprises Ruhlandiella patagonica and Ruhlandiella lophozoniae. It was suggested that the diversification of Ruhlandiella could be a result of the separation of Gondwana, which occurred roughly 135 million years ago.[3][13]

Ecology

Not much is known regarding the ecological roles of Ruhlandiella fungi. From 1990 to 2018, Ruhlandiella species were thought to be

Nothofagaceae) and may help with seedling establishment of these trees.[3][15] Furthermore, because the fruiting bodies of R. patagonica look like snail eggs, it has been hypothesized that ground feeding birds might act as long-distance dispersal agents for these truffles.[3]

References

  1. ^ Lumbsch TH, Huhndorf SM (December 2007). "Outline of Ascomycota – 2007". Myconet. 13. Chicago, USA: The Field Museum, Department of Botany: 1–58.
  2. PMID 18022534
    .
  3. ^
    S2CID 91186423.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
  4. ^
    S2CID 255313641
    .
  5. ^ a b c d Dissing H., Korf R.P. (1980). "Preliminary studies in the genera Ruhlandiella, Sphaerosoma, and Sphaerozone". Mycotaxon. 12: 287–306.
  6. PMID 19170899
    .
  7. S2CID 246307410
    . Retrieved January 27, 2022.
  8. ^
    doi:10.1016/S0953-7562(89)80101-7
    .
  9. ^ Rubio E., Tena R., Ormad J., and Suárez A. (2010). "Ruhlandiella reticulata comb. nov. y Ruhlandiella truncata comb. nov. (Ascomycota, pezizales). Nuevas combinaciones para dos raras especies semihipogeas, eucaliptícolas y pirófilas de origen austral: Muciturbo reticulatus y Muciturbo truncatus". Revista Catalana de Micologia. 32: 23–30.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  10. ^ Rouppert, C. (1909). "Revision du genre Sphaerosoma". Bulletin International de l'Académie des Sciences de Cracovie Classe des Sciences Mathématiques et Naturelles: 75–95.
  11. ^ Hirsch, G. (1983). "Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Gattung Boudiera Cke. (Pezizales, Ascomycetes) II. Conspectus der Arten". Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift Mathematisch- Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe. 32: 1013–1024.
  12. PMID 15904853
    .
  13. PMID 15205050
    .
  14. doi:10.1016/S0953-7562(09)81334-8
    .
  15. S2CID 253766841
    .

External links
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