Russell Foster

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Russell Foster
FMedSci
Born (1959-08-19) 19 August 1959 (age 64)
Aldershot, Hampshire, England
NationalityBritish
Alma materUniversity of Bristol
SpouseElizabeth Ann Downes
Children3
AwardsHonma Prize (Japan), David G. Cogan Award (USA), Zoological Society Scientific and Edridge-Green Medals (UK)
Scientific career
FieldsNeuroscience
InstitutionsUniversity of Oxford
ThesisAn investigation of the extraretinal photoreceptors mediating photoperiodic induction in the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) (1978)
Academic advisorsBrian Follett
Websitewww.bnc.ox.ac.uk/about-brasenose/academic-staff/445-professor-russell-foster

Russell Grant Foster,

photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (pRGCs) in the mammalian retina which provide input to the circadian rhythm system. He has written and co-authored over a hundred scientific publications.[6]

Since 2018 he has been

Editor-in-Chief of the Royal Society journal Interface Focus
.

Biography

Education

Foster attended Heron Wood School in his native Aldershot and studied at the University of Bristol and graduated with a Bachelor of Science (BSc) in Zoology in 1980. He also carried out postgraduate studies at the University of Bristol under the supervision of Brian Follett, and was awarded a PhD in 1984 for his thesis entitled An investigation of the extraretinal photoreceptors mediating photoperiodic induction in the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica).[7][8]

Career

From 1988 to 1995 Foster was a member of the National Science Foundation Center for Biological Rhythms at the University of Virginia, where he worked closely with Michael Menaker.[4] In 1995, he returned to UK and started his own lab at Imperial College, where he became Chair of Molecular Neuroscience within the Faculty of Medicine. He later transferred his laboratory to the University of Oxford to engage in more translational research.[9]

Scientific works

Transplanted suprachiasmatic nucleus determines circadian period

While at the University of Virginia, Foster and Menaker performed experiments where the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) was tested by neural transplantation of donor's SCN to a recipient with an ablated SCN. In the experiment, the donor was a mutant strain of hamster with a shortened circadian period. The recipient was a wild-type hamster. Transplantation was done the other way around as well, with wild-type hamster as the donor and mutant strain hamster as the recipient. After the transplantation, the formerly wild-type hamster displayed a shortened period which resembled the mutant, and the mutant-strain hamster showed normal period. The SCN restored rhythm to arrhythmic recipients, which afterwards always exhibited the circadian period of the donor. This result led to the conclusion that the SCN is sufficient and necessary for mammalian circadian rhythms.[10]

Rods and cones unnecessary for entrainment

In 1991, Foster and his colleagues provided evidence that rods and cones are not necessary for entrainment of an animal to light.[11] In this experiment, Foster gave light pulses to retinally degenerative mice. These mice were homozygous for the rd allele and were shown to have no rods in their retina. Only a few cones were found to remain in the retina. To study the effects of light entrainment, magnitude of phase shift of locomotor activity was measured. The results showed that both mice with normal retina and mice with degenerate retina showed similar entrainment patterns. Foster hypothesized that circadian photoreception occurs with a small number of cones without an outer layer or that an unrecognised class of photoreceptive cells are present.

In 1999, Foster studied light entrainment on mice without cones or both rods and cones.

photoreceptive retinal ganglion cells (pGRCs) were accountable for non-rod, non-cone entrainment to light.[13][14]

Literary works

He is the co-author with writer and broadcaster Leon Kreitzman of two popular science books on circadian rhythms, Rhythms of Life: The Biological Clocks that Control the Daily Lives of Every Living Thing[15][16] and Seasons of Life: The Biological Rhythms That Enable Living Things to Thrive and Survive.[17] He has also co-written a book titled Sleep: a Very Short Introduction.[18] He wrote Life Time : The New Science of the Body Clock, and How It Can Revolutionize Your Sleep and Health.[19]

Awards and honours

Foster was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 2008.[3]

Foster was appointed

Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2015 New Year Honours for services to science.[20][21]

Russell Foster was awarded with The Daylight Award 2020 in the category Daylight Research, for his clinical studies in humans addressing important questions regarding light.

Notable awards

Foster has received recognition from around the world for his discovery of pRGCs:

  • Honma Prize (Japan, 1997)[22]
  • David G. Cogan Award (USA, 2001)[23]
  • Zoological Society Scientific Medal (UK, 2000)[24]
  • Edridge Green Medal (Royal College of Ophthalmologists, UK, 2005)[24]
  • Peter C. Farrell Prize in Sleep Medicine (2015)[25]
  • Nikken International Science Award for his expertise in the neuroscience of sleep.(2015)[26]
  • The Daylight Award 2020, for Daylight Research

References

  1. ^ Footprint, Professor. "Dellam Corporate Information Limited, England".
  2. ^ Killian Fox (25 June 2022). "Sleep scientist Russell Foster: 'I want to take the anxiety around sleep away'". The Guardian. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  3. ^ a b "Russell Foster | Royal Society". The Royal Society. Retrieved 13 April 2017.
  4. ^ a b "Russell Foster – Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences". University of Oxford. Retrieved 13 April 2017.
  5. ^ https://www.bnc.ox.ac.uk/about-brasenose/news/1322-professor-russell-foster-cbe Professor Russell Foster, Brasenose College
  6. ^ a b "Russell Foster, BSc, PhD, FRS". Oxford Neuroscience. The Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford. 2008. Retrieved 24 January 2010.
  7. S2CID 4257141
    .
  8. S2CID 1689119
    .
  9. ^ "Professor Russell Foster | University of Oxford". University of Oxford. Retrieved 13 April 2017.
  10. PMID 2305266
    .
  11. S2CID 1124159
    .
  12. PMID 10205062
    .
  13. S2CID 39565298
    .
  14. PMID 11834834
    .
  15. ISBN 978-0-300-10969-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
  16. ^ Harman, Oren (24 December 2008). "Time After Time" (Book Review). The New Republic. Retrieved 5 July 2009.
  17. ISBN 978-0-300-11556-7.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
  18. ISBN 978-0-19958-785-8
    .
  19. ISBN 978-0-241-52931-7
    .
  20. ^ "No. 61092". The London Gazette (Supplement). 31 December 2014. p. N9.
  21. ^ "2015 New Year Honours List" (PDF).
  22. ^ "一般財団法人アショフ・ホンマ記念財団". Retrieved 14 April 2017.
  23. PMID 11980835
    .
  24. ^ a b "Professor Russell Foster". Brasenose College, University of Oxford.
  25. ^ "2015 Prize Recipient: Russell Grant Foster, CBE, FSB, FMedSci, FRS". sleep.hms.harvard.edu. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  26. ^ "Russell Foster receives Nikken International Science Award". www.ndcn.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 14 January 2024.

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russell_Foster&oldid=1218729236"