SS Tivives
History | |
---|---|
Name | Tivives |
Owner | |
Operator | |
Port of registry | |
Builder | Workman, Clark & Company, Ltd. |
Launched | 1 August 1911 as Peralta[1] |
Completed | 1911 |
Fate | Sunk in air attack 21 October 1943 |
General characteristics | |
Tonnage | 4,596 GRT4,290 DWT[4] |
Length | |
Beam | |
Draft | mean 22 ft 6.5 in (6.9 m)[3] |
Depth | 29 ft 1 in (8.9 m)[2][3] |
Propulsion | Triple expansion steam, cyl 27 in (0.69 m), 45 in (1.14 m) and 75 in (1.91 m) with 54 in (1.37 m) stroke. Five single ended Scotch boilers 13 ft 6 in (4.1 m) diameter by 11 ft 6 in (3.5 m) long.[2] |
Notes | As USS Tivives (5 July 1918 – 25 April 1919) the ship had a complement of 91 and was armed with a 5-inch gun and a 3-inch gun.[3] |
SS Tivives was a United Fruit Company passenger and refrigerated fruit cargo ship built 1911 by Workman, Clark & Company, Ltd. in Belfast. The ship was launched 1 August 1911 as Peralta but renamed before completion. As a foreign built vessel operating for a company in the United States the ship was British flagged. With outbreak of war in Europe in 1914 the ship, as did all British registered company ships, changed flag to the United States. Between 5 July 1918 and 25 April 1919 the ship was chartered and commissioned by the United States Navy for operation as USS Tivives
Tivives resumed service with the United Fruit Company until World War II when she was operating as a War Shipping Administration vessel with United Fruit Company as agent and sunk on 21 October 1943 off the Algerian coast by German aircraft.
Construction
Peralta was built by Workman, Clark & Company, Ltd. for the Tropical Fruit Steamship Company of which
Passenger accommodations included some cabins that could become family suites and several "cabins de luxe" on the bridge deck.[8] The cargo space was divided into eight refrigerated compartments.[7] Propulsion was by a triple expansion steam engine provided steam by five single ended boilers.[7] On 28 October the Tivives departed Belfast for sea trials and then put in at Holyhead to embark passengers for her voyage to the West Indies and commencement of regular service from the United States.[8]
Early commercial service
Tivives was one of three new ships, the others being Carrillo and Sixaola, to begin service 6 January 1912 between New York and
In 1914, with the outbreak of war in Europe, Congress passed a law allowing foreign registered, foreign built ships belonging to United States companies to shift registry to the United States flag which the United Fruit Company had long wished to do, had sought a special act of Congress to do, but had failed.[12] With the new law United Fruit began its fleet transition with Tivives being the first ship to shift from British registry and hoist the U.S. flag on 10 September 1914 at Boston.[12][13]
World War I service
On 5 July 1918 Tivives was chartered and commissioned by the United States Navy as USS Tivives at New York and assigned to the
Return to commercial service
Tivives was returned to United Fruit Company and resumed commercial service. In 1933 the company let contracts for reconditioning five ships including Tivives which was to get upgrades to passenger facilities and an increase in speed from 13 knots (15 mph; 24 km/h) to 14 knots (16 mph; 26 km/h).[15]
World War II
On 29 May 1942 Tivives was delivered to the War Shipping Administration (WSA) at New Orleans by United Fruit Company which then operated the ship as agent under an Army
References
- ^ a b c d Johnson 1917, p. 188.
- ^ a b MARAD Vessel Status Card: Tivives.
- ^ Successful Americans of Our Day: Andrew W. Preston.
- ^ a b Bulletin of the Pan American Union 1912.
- ^ Guardia & van Dyke 1913.
- ^ Hydrographic Office 1918.
- ^ a b United States Senate 1915.
- ^ Thompson, 1915.
- ^ ShipScribe archive copy of NHHC page.
- ^ Pacific Marine Review (November 1933).
- ^ a b Cressman, 1999, entry for 21 October 1943.
Bibliography
- Cressman, Robert J. (1999). "The Official Chronology of the U.S. Navy in World War II". Contemporary History Branch, Naval Historical Center (now Naval History & Heritage Command)10 July 2015.
- Guardia, Ricardo Fernández; van Dyke, Harry Weston (1913). History of the Discovery and Conquest of Costa Rica. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company. p. 201. Retrieved 10 July 2015.
- Hydrographic Office (1918). Mexican and Central American Pilot (Pacific Coast). Coast Pilots. Washington, D.C.: United States Navy Hydrographic Office. p. 320. Retrieved 10 July 2015.
- Johnson, Eads (1917). Johnson's Steam Vessels of the Atlantic Coast. New York: Eads Johnson Publishing Company. p. 188. Retrieved 11 July 2015.
- Marine Engineer and Naval Architect (1911). "Peralta". Marine Engineer and Naval Architect. 34 (September 1911). London: 58, 61. Retrieved 10 July 2015.
- Marine Engineer and Naval Architect (1911). "Tivives". Marine Engineer and Naval Architect. 34 (December 1911). London: 185. Retrieved 10 July 2015.
- Maritime Administration. "Tivives". Ship History Database Vessel Status Card. U.S. Department of Transportation, Maritime Administration. Retrieved 10 July 2015.
- Naval History And Heritage Command. "Tivives". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Naval History And Heritage Command. Retrieved 10 July 2015.
- Pacific American Steamship Association; Shipowners Association of the Pacific Coast (1933). "United Fruit Reconditions Five". Pacific Marine Review. 30 (November). San Francisco: J.S. Hines: 341. Retrieved 10 July 2015.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Pan American Union (1912). "New United Fruit Co. Steamship Service". Bulletin of the Pan American Union. 34 (January). Washington: The Pan American Union: 17, 19. Retrieved 10 July 2015.
- Roberts, Stephen S. (10 October 2007). "S.S. Tivives (American Passenger and Refrigerated Cargo Ship, 1911) Served as USS Tivives (ID # 4521) in 1918–1919 (archive copy of Naval History And Heritage Command's Online Library of Selected Images page)". ShipScribe. Retrieved 10 July 2015.
- Successful Americans of Our Day: Andrew W. Preston. Chicago: Successful Americans. 1911. p. 76. Retrieved 10 July 2015.
- Thompson, Grace Agnes (1915). "The Story of a Great New England Enterprise". New England Magazine (May). Boston: New England Magazine Co. Retrieved 10 July 2015.
- United States Senate (1915), Seeking the Flag in War, Senate Reports (Public), 63d Congress, 3d Session (7 December 1914 – 4 March 1915), vol. 1, Washington: Government Printing Office, p. 29, retrieved 10 July 2015
External links
- United Fruit Company (Maritime Timetable Images) (Tivives ports & routing)
- The Corsair in the War Zone (mention of Tivives in WW I convoy in Corsair accounts)
- Convoy MKS 28
- Mariners' Medal (News story on wounded survivor of sinking)