Salicylate sensitivity
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Salicylate sensitivity | |
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Other names | Salicylate intolerance |
Salicylic acid |
Salicylate sensitivity is any adverse effect that occurs when a usual amount of salicylate is ingested. People with salicylate intolerance are unable to consume a normal amount of salicylate without adverse effects.
Salicylate sensitivity differs from salicylism, which occurs when an individual takes an
Salicylates are derivatives of salicylic acid that occur naturally in
and preservatives. Both natural and synthetic salicylates can cause health problems in anyone when consumed in large doses. But for those who are salicylate intolerant, even small doses of salicylate can cause adverse reactions.Symptoms
The most common symptoms of salicylate sensitivity are:[2]
- Intestinal inflammation or diarrhea
- Itchy skin, hives or rashes
- Asthma and other breathing difficulties
- Polyps with asthma
- Angioedema
- nasal polyps
Asthma and nasal polyps are also symptoms of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD, Samter's Triad), which is not believed to be caused by dietary salicylates.
Diagnosis
There is no laboratory test for salicylate sensitivity. Typically testing is done by an "elimination challenge," to see if symptoms improve, or "provocative challenge," which intends to induce a controlled reaction as a means of confirming diagnosis. During provocative challenge, the person is given incrementally higher doses of salicylates, usually aspirin, under medical supervision, until either symptoms appear or the likelihood of symptoms appearing is ruled out. This only pertains to short-term symptoms such as digestive, respiratory, and skin itching, rather than slower-developing symptoms such as nasal polyps.[2]
Treatment
Salicylate sensitivity can be treated with the use of low-salicylate diets, such as the
Montelukast is one form of treatment used in aspirin-intolerant asthma.[4]
Epidemiology
Salicylate sensitivity is noted to be more common in those who also have asthma, 2-22% of people with asthma have a likelihood of also having the intolerance.[5]
History
An important salicylate drug is aspirin, which has a long history. Aspirin intolerance was widely known by 1975, when the understanding began to emerge that it is an adverse drug reaction, not an allergy.[6][7]
Terminology
Salicylate intolerance is a form of food intolerance or of drug intolerance.
Salicylate sensitivity is a
AERD refers to NSAID sensitivity in conjunction with
See also
References
- ^ "salicylism" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
- ^ PMID 19633779.
- ^ Matthews J. "Feingold Diet / Failsafe Diet". Nourishing Hope.
- ^
Kim SH, Ye YM, Hur GY, Lee SK, Sampson AP, Lee HY, Park HS (September 2007). "CysLTR1 promoter polymorphism and requirement for leukotriene receptor antagonist in aspirin-intolerant asthma patients". Pharmacogenomics. 8 (9): 1143–50. PMID 17924829.
- PMID 26468368.
- PMID 1199905.
- ^
Patriarca G, Venuti A, Schiavino D, Fais G (1976). "Intolerance to aspirin: clinical and immunological studies". Zeitschrift für Immunitatsforschung. Immunobiology. 151 (4): 295–304. PMID 936715.
- ^
Palikhe NS, Kim SH, Park HS (October 2008). "What do we know about the genetics of aspirin intolerance?". Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics. 33 (5): 465–72. S2CID 22584486.
- PMID 23246457.
- ^
Jang AS, Park JS, Park SW, Kim DJ, Uh ST, Seo KH, Kim YH, Park HS, Park CS (November 2008). "Obesity in aspirin-tolerant and aspirin-intolerant asthmatics". Respirology. 13 (7): 1034–8. S2CID 26399839.
- ^
Kim JE, Kountakis SE (July 2007). "The prevalence of Samter's triad in patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery". Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal. 86 (7): 396–9. PMID 17702319.
Further reading
- Parmet S, Lynm C, Glass RM (December 2004). "JAMA patient page. Aspirin sensitivity". JAMA. 292 (24): 3098. PMID 15613676.
External links
- "Salicylate Sensitivity Forums and Food/Product Guides". SalicylateSensitivity.com.