San Joaquin (soil)
San Joaquin is an officially designated state insignia, the state soil of the U.S. state of California.
The
The San Joaquin series became the official state soil on August 20, 1997,
These soils are used for irrigated
Soil profile
- Surface layer is brown loam.
- Upper subsoil is brown loam, lower subsoil is brown clay.
- Substratum is light brown and brown, indurated duripan with 70 to 90 percent silica-sesquioxide cementation.
Legislative history
The
The energy that propelled the San Joaquin Soil to being formally designated the "Official State Soil" -- was that of Alex Lehman, who saw an opportunity to provide his
SB 389's journey began on February 14, 1997. It passed via amendment in the
History of recognition
The history of recognition and the development of the San Joaquin
At that time it was mapped as San Joaquin sandy loam on the "Red Formation" and characterized as being underlain by a "red sandstone hardpan." The soil was described as having a hog wallow (
The concept of the soil did not change significantly from that of the original survey in 1900, but sandy loam and clay loam types were recognized. In addition, an increase in clay content of the subsoil above the hardpan was described in some places. Where the hardpan was less than 30 inches deep, it was noted that it was necessary to fracture the hardpan by blasting to grow fruit trees. There were about 127,000 acres (514 km2) mapped. In the 1915 Reconnaissance Soil Survey of the Sacramento Valley, California by L.C. Holmes, et al., heavier (finer) textures, either clay loams or clays, were described as normally intervening between the surface soil and the hardpan in the San Joaquin soil San Joaquin soils mapped in the Reconnaissance Soil Surveys of the San Joaquin Valley and Southern California in 1915 to 1919 were similarly described. San Joaquin soil identified in Southern California at that time have subsequently been correlated with other similar, but pedologically different soils.
During the 1920s and 1930s nine new soil surveys remapped, in greater detail, much of the area covered earlier by the Reconnaissance Soil Surveys of the San Joaquin and Sacramento Valleys. For the most part, but not entirely, these surveys confined their recognition of San Joaquin soils to those areas of reddish hardpan soils having a clayey subsoil resting on the hardpan. For a period of time, a very similar soil was recognized as the Rocklin series which differed from the San Joaquin series only in having thick, consolidated sediments beneath its hardpan, opposed to looser sediments beneath the San Joaquin hardpan. This was considered to be of practical importance in modifying these soils for deep rooted crops.[9]
By the late 1930s and early 1940s, this concept was dropped and the Rocklin soil redefined as a reddish hardpan soil having a distinct subsoil above its hardpan, but lacking a clay pan. The character of the materials beneath the hardpans of either soil was no longer a differentiating feature since consistent determination in mapping was not feasible. The Soil Manual for the Eleventh Farm Credit District, USDA, dated September 1, 1941, described the following concept of the San Joaquin soil: "As mapped in the past (San Joaquin soil) probably included several series. As presently defined (this soil) occupies old
Further description of a San Joaquin
Medical interest
Coccidioides immitis resides in the soil here as in much of the southwestern United States and so
See also
- Alfisols
- Groundwater-related subsidence
- List of U.S. state soils
- Pedology (soil study)
- Soil types
- List of State Soil Science Associations
References
- ^ "San Joaquin: The California State Soil". Professional Soil Science Association of California. Archived from the original on 2006-12-29. Retrieved 2006-11-11.
- ]
- USDA - Natural Resources Conservation Service. Archived from the originalon 2006-11-13. Retrieved 2006-11-11.
- ^ Bibliography of Soil Series, by C.F. Shaw and M. Baldwin, 1938.
- ^ Soil Survey Around Fresno Area, California, by T.H. Means and J.G. Holmes, 1900.
- ^ Soil Survey of the Modesto-Turlock Area, California, by A.T. Sweet, J.F. Warner, and L.C. Holmes, 1909
- ^ Soil Survey of the Madera Area, California, by A.T. Strahorn, H.L. Westover, L.C. Holmes, E.C. Eckman, J.W. Nelson, and C. Van Duyne, 1911
- ^ Soil Survey of the Fresno Area, California, by A.T. Strahorn, J.W. Nelson, L.C. Holmes, and E.C. Eckman, 1914.
- ^ Some California Soils and Their Relationships, by C.F. Shaw, 1937
The content of this article has been derived in whole or part from http://pssac.org. Permission has been received from the copyright holder to license this material under the GNU Free Documentation License.