Madera County, California
Madera County | ||
---|---|---|
County of Madera | ||
Images, from top down, left to right: Wassama Round House State Historic Park, Devils Postpile National Monument, Fresno Dome, Banner Peak above Thousand Island Lake, Bass Lake | ||
Sierra Nevada | ||
Metropolitan area | Metropolitan Fresno | |
Incorporated | 1893 | |
Named for | Spanish word meaning "wood" | |
County seat | Madera | |
Largest city | Madera | |
Government | ||
• Type | Council–CAO | |
• Body | Board of Supervisors | |
• Chair | David Rogers | |
• Chair Pro Tem | Robert L Poythress | |
• Board of Supervisors[1] | Supervisors
| |
• County Administrative Officer | Jay Varney | |
Area | ||
• Total | 2,153 sq mi (5,580 km2) | |
• Land | 2,137 sq mi (5,530 km2) | |
• Water | 16 sq mi (40 km2) | |
Highest elevation | 13,143 ft (4,006 m) | |
Population ( FIPS code | 06-039 | |
GNIS feature ID | 277284 | |
Congressional districts | 5th, 13th | |
Website | www |
Madera County (
"Madera," meaning "wood" in Spanish, signifies the county's historical ties to the lumber industry.
Madera County is characterized by its diverse population, including a pronounced
Etymology
Madera is the Spanish term for wood.[8] The county derives its name from the town of Madera, named when the California Lumber Company built a log flume to carry lumber to the Central Pacific Railroad there in 1876.[9]
History
Madera County was formed in 1893 from
The Madera County Sheriff's Department employed the first woman in California to die in the line of duty as a sworn law enforcement officer—Tulare native Lucille Helm (1914–1959). For 15 years, the Madera housewife and mother of four worked on call as a "matron" assisting with female transfers.[11]
Human History
Native People
The region now known as Madera County was originally the territory of several Native American tribes, notably the Mono, Chukchansi, and Miwok. The Mono inhabited the upper San Joaquin River region, encompassing areas around North Fork and Crane Valley. The Chukchansi tribe lived in what are today the communities of Oakhurst, Coarsegold, Ahwahnee, and the lower foothills extending to the San Joaquin Valley. Meanwhile, the Miwok were located in the vicinity of Ahwahnee, Wawona, Mariposa, and the Yosemite Valley.[12]: 8
Following the
Immigration and Migration
Early United States Era
Since the area was part of
20th century
During the 1930s, Madera County became a destination for significant numbers of refugees from the Dust Bowl, primarily originating from Oklahoma and Arkansas.[18][19]
In the mid-20th century, the Bracero Program, designed to recruit labor from Mexico, played a crucial role in mitigating the agricultural labor shortages that arose during World War II and the Korean War. Advocated by the Madera County Chamber of Commerce, efforts were made to persuade the federal government to prolong the guest worker program beyond its original expiration in 1964.[20][21] Despite the program's conclusion, labor migration continued, and by the end of the century, Madera County had become increasingly dependent on a migrant workforce. As of the 1990s, this workforce was predominantly composed of Mixtecs from Oaxaca, Mexico, numbering an estimated 5,000 individuals.[22][23]
Geography
Madera County is characterized by its diverse landscapes, encompassing the fertile San Joaquin Valley, grasslands and oak woodlands of the foothills, and the rugged Sierra Nevada mountains. A significant part of Yosemite National Park, known for its wilderness and alpine areas, lies within the county. Madera County also hosts important waterways, including parts of the San Joaquin River and several lakes and reservoirs, vital for agriculture, ecosystems, and recreation.
The county experiences a range of climates, from arid in the valley to alpine in the higher Sierra Nevada, creating diverse microclimates and environments across the area.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 2,153 square miles (5,580 km2), of which 2,137 square miles (5,530 km2) is land and 16 square miles (41 km2), or 0.8%, is water.[24]
Madera County is part of the Madera AVA wine region.
National protected areas
- Devils Postpile National Monument
- Inyo National Forest (part)
- Sierra National Forest (part)
- Yosemite National Park (part)
Demographics
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1900 | 6,364 | — | |
1910 | 8,368 | 31.5% | |
1920 | 12,203 | 45.8% | |
1930 | 17,164 | 40.7% | |
1940 | 23,314 | 35.8% | |
1950 | 36,964 | 58.5% | |
1960 | 40,468 | 9.5% | |
1970 | 41,519 | 2.6% | |
1980 | 63,116 | 52.0% | |
1990 | 88,090 | 39.6% | |
2000 | 123,109 | 39.8% | |
2010 | 150,865 | 22.5% | |
2020 | 156,255 | 3.6% | |
2023 (est.) | 162,858 | [25] | 4.2% |
U.S. Decennial Census[26] 1790–1960[27] 1900–1990[28] 1990–2000[29] 2010[30] 2020[31] |
2020 Census
Madera County's demographic composition and economic indicators reveal contrasts with both state and national averages. The county's median household income is reported at $76,920, which is below California's median of $91,551, reflecting economic disparities within the region.[32] Additionally, Madera County's poverty rate of 24.3% surpasses the state's 12.2% rate, underscoring significant economic challenges, particularly affecting children under 18, with 38.2% living in poverty.[33] Comparatively, Madera County's median income slightly exceeds the national median of $69,717. However, its poverty rate of 22.0% also exceeds the national average, indicating a notable income inequality within the county.[33]
In terms of housing, Madera County offers relatively more affordable options compared to the rest of California, with a median gross rent of $1,189 against the state's $1,870.[33] The homeownership rate in Madera County is 69.0%, which is higher than California's rate of 55.8%.[33]
The labor force participation rate in Madera County is 56.4%, which is lower than the national rate. The county has a youthful demographic, with 27.1% under 18 years old, compared to the national figure of 22.4%.[33] The percentage of elderly residents in Madera County is slightly below the U.S. average.[33]
Madera County is notable for its higher percentage of foreign-born residents at 20.3%, surpassing the national average. This contributes to the county's multicultural identity, with a significant Hispanic or Latino population of 59.6%.[33] Linguistic diversity is evident, with 46.5% of residents speaking a language other than English at home.[33] An estimated 12,500 to 15,000 people in Madera County are undocumented immigrants.[34][35]
Educational attainment in Madera County shows that 21.4% of its population holds a Bachelor's degree or higher, which is below the California average.[33]
Race / Ethnicity | Pop 2010[30] | Pop 2020[31] | % 2010 | % 2020 |
---|---|---|---|---|
White alone (NH)
|
57,380 | 48,399 | 38.03% | 30.97% |
Black or African American alone (NH)
|
5,009 | 4,131 | 3.32% | 2.64% |
Alaska Native alone (NH)
|
1,790 | 1,738 | 1.19% | 1.11% |
Asian alone (NH) | 2,533 | 3,581 | 1.68% | 2.29% |
Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 107 | 122 | 0.07% | 0.08% |
Some Other Race alone (NH) | 649 | 723 | 0.43% | 0.46% |
Mixed Race/Multi-Racial (NH) | 2,405 | 4,383 | 1.59% | 2.81% |
Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 80,992 | 93,178 | 53.69% | 59.63% |
Total | 150,865 | 156,255 | 100.00% | 100.00% |
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.
Place | Total Population | Bachelors Degree or Higher (%) | Total Housing Units | Total Households | Median Household Income | Employment Rate (%) | Without Health Care Coverage (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ahwahnee[36] | 2,296 | 30.3 | 1,000 | 785 | $79,250 | 45.6 | 2.8 |
Bass Lake[37] | 575 | 59.9 | 868 | 139 | $145,083 | 38.8 | 12.6 |
Chowchilla[38] | 23,377 | 13 | 5,765 | 5,399 | $69,139 | 37.7 | 8.2 |
Coarsegold[39] | 4,144 | 22.7 | 1,837 | 1,738 | $81,814 | 49.8 | 4.9 |
Fairmead[40] | 1,235 | 9.5 | 374 | 394 | $53,203 | 45.3 | 10.1 |
La Vina[41] | 637 | 0 | 161 | 157 | 43.4 | 2.6 | |
Madera[42] | 97,838 | 13.2 | 27,454 | 25,497 | $70,272 | 54 | 8.2 |
Madera Acres[43] | 9,162 | 11.4 | 2,554 | 2,599 | $80,221 | 51.3 | 6.8 |
Madera Ranchos[44] | 24.6 | 3,010 | $82,292 | 53.1 | 4.0 | ||
Nippinawasse | 434 | 0 | 188 | 172 | $71,622 | 44.9 | 27.6 |
Oakhurst[45] | 5,945 | 29.4 | 3,134 | 2,180 | $73,333 | 53.3 | 6.2 |
Parksdale[46] | 3,234 | 7.4 | 784 | 611 | $45,281 | 43.8 | 8.9 |
Yosemite Lakes[47] | 5,022 | 36.6 | 2,153 | 1,909 | $99,491 | 53.6 | 6.4 |
Economy
19th and 20th century
Madera County's origins are deeply rooted in boom-and-bust cycles, primarily driven by extractive industries. Initially, the county's economy was heavily reliant on mineral extraction and timber harvesting. Over time, agriculture and ag related industries became the predominant employer and economic force.
Gold
Madera County became known for gold mining during the
Grub Gulch, located near the end of Highway 49, was a gold rush town renowned for its easily accessible gold.[49] Initially, Grub Gulch was a simple shanty town of tents, but it blossomed into a bustling community in the late 1880s, spurred by successful placer mining in nearby streams. At its peak, the town boasted five saloons, a general store, a post office, and a boarding house. Remarkably, out of the $1.35 million worth of gold extracted from Madera County, nearly $1 million originated from Grub Gulch.[48]
By the 1950s, gold production had significantly dropped, primarily from dredging operations along the Fresno, Chowchilla, and San Joaquin Rivers with almost no production after 1959.[48]
Tungsten
In the mid-20th century, Madera County's High Sierra regions became prominent for their significant tungsten deposits, leading to extensive mining activities near Mammoth Lakes, Central Camp, and Fish Camp. One notable example, the Strawberry Tungsten Mine, was valued at $1 million in 1955 and had the capacity to process 310 metric tons of ore daily by 1981.[50]
However, tungsten mining in the Sierra Nevada faced challenges due to harsh winter conditions and intense competition from low-cost tungsten imports from China. These challenges were part of a broader decline in the U.S. starting in the 1980s, caused by falling market prices and economic issues, resulting in a major decrease in tungsten mining nationwide. As a result, tungsten mining in Madera County and the rest of the Sierra Nevada has stopped entirely.[51]
Lumber
The discovery of gold was quickly followed by a high demand for lumber, which was essential for constructing sluice boxes and building early settlements. The first sawmill in the county was constructed in 1852 on the east fork of Redwood Creek, north of Oakhurst, in an area currently known as Old Corral. This mill primarily provided lumber to miners and settlers in the Coarsegold and Fresno Flats areas.[52] In 1854, Charles Converse and Bill Chitister purchased the mill and relocated it to Crane Valley, the area now known as Bass Lake.[52]
In 1872, the California Lumber Company initiated the region's first major lumber operation with a steam mill near Nelder Grove. They built a record-setting 65 mi (105 km) long log flume to Madera to float finished lumber to market.[52] Although it ran out of money in 1874, it was restructured and operated at a profit for the next four decades.[53]: 146
During the Great Depression, Madera County's lumber industry and logging railroads ceased operations. In 1941, the industry recovered when a new sawmill in North Fork was built, which used logging trucks and advanced equipment for deeper access into the Sierra National Forest. However, in the early 1990s, tighter government rules reduced forest yields, hurting the mill's profits. This downturn led to the end of Madera County's logging era in February 1994, when the last log was processed.
21st century
Employment
Madera County's employment sectors are a blend of traditional industries like farming and manufacturing, coupled hospitality and service-oriented fields.[54]: 8 Based on the average employment percentages from 2015 to 2022, the employment sectors in Madera County are ranked as follows:
Sector | Employment Share |
---|---|
Government | 12.71% |
Farm | 12.08% |
Health & Education | 11.08% |
Wholesale & Retail Trade | 5.45% |
Leisure | 4.26% |
Professional Services | 3.63% |
Manufacturing | 3.31% |
Construction | 2.14% |
Transportation and Utilities | 1.44% |
Financial Activities | 0.71% |
Information | 0.30% |
The sectors that saw the largest decrease in the period were information (-25%), financial activities (-12.50%) and manufacturing (-5.71%). Looking towards the future, Government, Health and Education and Professional Sectors are forecast to be the fastest growing employment sectors.[54]: 8
Agriculture
Madera County is heavily invested in permanent crops, with almonds as the leading commodity, followed by grapes and pistachios.[55] This area also places significant emphasis on cattle ranching and pollination services, particularly for almond cultivation, both ranking among the top five local agricultural sectors. In 2022, Madera County's overall gross crop production was valued at $1.9 billion. The county is renowned for its agricultural prowess, holding state rankings of #1 in fig production, #4 in both almonds and nuts, #4 in grape production (specifically the raisin variety), and #4 in pistachios.[56]
Commodity | 2022 Rank | 2022 Dollar Value | 2021 Rank |
---|---|---|---|
Almonds, Nuts & Hulls | 1 | $570,739,000 | 1 |
Milk | 2 | $454,727,000 | 2 |
Grapes | 3 | $233,893,000 | 3 |
Pistachios | 4 | $227,873,000 | 4 |
Pollination | 5 | $66,880,000 | 5 |
Cattle & Calves | 6 | $62,317,000 | 6 |
Mandarins & Tangerines | 7 | $45,036,000 | 7 |
Corn Silage | 8 | $37,293,000 | 9 |
Replacement Heifers | 9 | $34,255,000 | 8 |
Alfalfa, Hay & Silage* | 10 | $26,845,000 | ** |
In the 1990s
Education
Madera County is mostly covered by the
School districts include:[58]
Unified:
- Chawanakee Unified School District
- Firebaugh-Las Deltas Unified School District
- Golden Valley Unified School District
- Madera Unified School District
- Yosemite Unified School District - Includes some sections zoned for K-12 and some for grades 9-12 only
Secondary:
Elementary:
- Alview-Dairyland Union Elementary School District
- Bass Lake Joint Union Elementary School District
- Chowchilla Elementary School District
- Raymond-Knowles Union Elementary School District
Government, policing, and politics
Government
The Government of Madera County is mandated by the California Constitution to have a five-member Board of Supervisors elected to staggered four-year terms. The Board of Supervisors: District 1, Brett Frazier; District 2, David Rogers; District 3, Robert Poythress; District 4, Leticia Gonzalez; District 5, Tom Wheeler; and County Administrator, Jay Varney; and staff provide for voter registration and elections, law enforcement, jails, vital records, property records, tax collection, public health, roads, and social services for the entire county. It is the local government for all unincorporated areas. Other elected offices include the Sheriff, Tyson Pogue; District Attorney, Sally Orme Moreno; Assessor, Brian Glover (acting); Auditor-Controller, David Richstone; Treasurer-Tax Collector, Tracy Kennedy; and Clerk/Registrar of Voters-Recorder, Rebecca Martinez.
Policing
Madera County Sheriff's Office
The Sheriff's Office and staff provide court protection, jail administration, and coroner service for all of Madera County with its total population of approximately 156,000 residents. The Sheriff provides police patrol and detective services to the unincorporated areas of the county, which contain approximately 70,000 residents, or 45% of Madera County's total population. The Sheriff's main station and offices are in the City of Madera. There are two Sheriff's substations: Oakhurst, population 3,000, and The Madera Ranchos, population 12,000, both on Highway 41 to Yosemite National Park in the Sierras.
Municipal police departments
The municipal police departments within Madera County are Madera, the county seat, population 62,000, and Chowchilla, population 19,600.
Correctional Facilities
Madera County has three correctional facilities. The first is the Madera County Jail, managed by the elected Sheriff. The second, Valley State Prison, is a state-run prison located in Chowchilla.[59] The third, the Central California Women's Facility, is also in Chowchilla, across from Valley State Prison. Inmates are counted in the county's census population.
Politics
Voter registration
Population and registered voters | ||
---|---|---|
Total population[60] | 149,611 | |
Registered voters[61][note 1] | 53,782 | 35.9% |
Democratic[61] | 18,212 | 33.9% |
Republican[61] | 23,858 | 44.4% |
Democratic–Republican spread[61] | -5,646 | -10.5% |
Independent[61] | 1,615 | 3.0% |
Green[61] | 208 | 0.4% |
Libertarian[61] | 264 | 0.5% |
Peace and Freedom[61] | 131 | 0.2% |
Americans Elect[61] | 0 | 0.0% |
Other[61] | 191 | 0.4% |
No party preference[61] | 9,303 | 17.3% |
Cities by population and voter registration
Cities by population and voter registration | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
City | Population[60] | Registered voters[61] [note 1] |
Democratic[61] | Republican[61] | D–R spread[61] | Other[61] | No party preference[61] |
Chowchilla | 18,465 | 22.5% | 30.8% | 45.1% | -14.3% | 9.0% | 18.8% |
Madera | 60,221 | 26.8% | 44.9% | 33.1% | +11.8% | 6.2% | 18.4% |
Overview
Madera is a strongly
Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
2020 | 29,378 | 54.68% | 23,168 | 43.12% | 1,186 | 2.21% |
2016 | 23,357 | 53.69% | 17,029 | 39.14% | 3,121 | 7.17% |
2012 | 22,852 | 57.23% | 16,018 | 40.11% | 1,063 | 2.66% |
2008 | 23,583 | 55.52% | 17,952 | 42.27% | 939 | 2.21% |
2004 | 24,871 | 64.02% | 13,481 | 34.70% | 498 | 1.28% |
2000 | 20,283 | 60.74% | 11,650 | 34.89% | 1,462 | 4.38% |
1996 | 16,510 | 53.85% | 11,254 | 36.70% | 2,898 | 9.45% |
1992 | 13,066 | 43.20% | 10,863 | 35.92% | 6,316 | 20.88% |
1988 | 13,255 | 54.59% | 10,642 | 43.83% | 384 | 1.58% |
1984 | 13,954 | 60.04% | 8,994 | 38.70% | 293 | 1.26% |
1980 | 10,599 | 53.58% | 7,783 | 39.35% | 1,398 | 7.07% |
1976 | 6,844 | 45.96% | 7,625 | 51.20% | 423 | 2.84% |
1972 | 7,835 | 52.61% | 6,580 | 44.18% | 477 | 3.20% |
1968 | 6,229 | 43.55% | 6,932 | 48.47% | 1,142 | 7.98% |
1964 | 4,461 | 32.18% | 9,391 | 67.75% | 10 | 0.07% |
1960 | 5,869 | 41.75% | 8,126 | 57.81% | 62 | 0.44% |
1956 | 5,239 | 42.12% | 7,162 | 57.58% | 38 | 0.31% |
1952 | 6,278 | 49.67% | 6,244 | 49.40% | 118 | 0.93% |
1948 | 3,416 | 38.03% | 5,226 | 58.18% | 340 | 3.79% |
1944 | 2,865 | 39.85% | 4,276 | 59.47% | 49 | 0.68% |
1940 | 2,653 | 31.20% | 5,749 | 67.61% | 101 | 1.19% |
1936 | 1,387 | 22.61% | 4,646 | 75.74% | 101 | 1.65% |
1932 | 1,243 | 25.22% | 3,457 | 70.15% | 228 | 4.63% |
1928 | 2,354 | 54.88% | 1,896 | 44.21% | 39 | 0.91% |
1924 | 1,518 | 42.66% | 450 | 12.65% | 1,590 | 44.69% |
1920 | 1,779 | 55.46% | 1,145 | 35.69% | 284 | 8.85% |
1916 | 1,323 | 38.01% | 1,880 | 54.01% | 278 | 7.99% |
1912 | 1 | 0.04% | 1,154 | 47.71% | 1,264 | 52.25% |
1908 | 596 | 44.85% | 574 | 43.19% | 159 | 11.96% |
1904 | 784 | 51.85% | 610 | 40.34% | 118 | 7.80% |
1900 | 764 | 49.58% | 737 | 47.83% | 40 | 2.60% |
1896 | 452 | 37.32% | 739 | 61.02% | 20 | 1.65% |
Madera is split between the 5th and 13th congressional districts,[63] represented by Tom McClintock (R–Elk Grove) and John Duarte (R–Modesto), respectively.[64]
With respect to the California State Assembly, the county is in the 5th Assembly District, represented by Republican Joe Patterson.
In the
On November 4, 2008, Madera County voted 73.4% for Proposition 8, which amended the California Constitution to define marriage as a union between one man and one woman.[66]
The county is one of three counties in California to establish a separate department to deal with
Crime
The following table includes the number of incidents reported and the rate per 1,000 persons for each type of offense.
Population and crime rates | ||
---|---|---|
Population[60] | 149,611 | |
Violent crime[68] | 685 | 4.58 |
Homicide[68] | 3 | 0.02 |
Forcible rape[68] | 36 | 0.24 |
Robbery[68] | 162 | 1.08 |
Aggravated assault[68] | 484 | 3.24 |
Property crime[68] | 2,144 | 14.33 |
Burglary[68] | 1,166 | 7.79 |
Larceny-theft[68][69] | 1,484 | 9.92 |
Motor vehicle theft[68] | 520 | 3.48 |
Arson[68] | 18 | 0.12 |
Cities by population and crime rates
Cities by population and crime rates | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
City | Population[70] | Violent crimes[70] | Violent crime rate per 1,000 persons |
Property crimes[70] | Property crime rate per 1,000 persons | |||
Chowchilla | 19,221 | 115 | 5.98 | 446 | 23.20 | |||
Madera | 62,796 | 466 | 7.42 | 1,621 | 25.81 |
Attractions
|
Transportation
Major highways
Areas Inaccessible by Road
A gap of less than 10 miles (16 km) separates the end of Minaret Road in the Western Sierra, which begins in
During his tenure as
Public transportation
- Valley Children's Hospitalnear the county line.
- The cities of Madera and Chowchilla also have their own local, intracity transit services named Chowchilla Area Transit, respectively.
- Greyhound buses and Amtrak trains stop in Madera
Airports
- Madera Municipal Airport and Chowchilla Airport are general aviation airports.
Communities
Cities
- Chowchilla
- Madera (county seat)
Census-designated places
Unincorporated communities
- Knowles
- O'Neals
- Raymond
- Ripperdan
- Sugar Pine
- Sumner Hill
Population ranking
The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2010 census of Madera County.[71]
† county seat
Rank | City/Town/etc. | Municipal type | Population (2010 Census) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | † Madera | City | 61,416 |
2 | Chowchilla | City | 18,720 |
3 | Madera Acres | CDP | 9,163 |
4 | Bonadelle Ranchos-Madera Ranchos | CDP | 8,569 |
5 | Yosemite Lakes
|
CDP | 4,952 |
6 | Oakhurst | CDP | 2,829 |
7 | Parksdale | CDP | 2,621 |
8 | Parkwood | CDP | 2,268 |
9 | Ahwahnee | CDP | 2,246 |
10 | Coarsegold | CDP | 1,840 |
11 | Fairmead | CDP | 1,447 |
12 | Rolling Hills | CDP | 742 |
13 | Bass Lake | CDP | 527 |
14 | Nipinnawasee | CDP | 475 |
15 | La Vina | CDP | 279 |
16 | Picayune Rancheria (Chukchansi Indians)[72] | AIAN | 69 |
17 | Northfork Rancheria (Mono Indians)[73] | AIAN | 60 |
See also
- Sierra National Forest
- Nelder Grove
- Fresno Dome
- List of museums in the San Joaquin Valley
- List of school districts in Madera County, California
- Madera Community Hospital
- National Register of Historic Places listings in Madera County, California
- USS Madera County (LST-905)
Notes
References
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- ^ a b "P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE - 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Madera County, California". United States Census Bureau.
- ^ a b "P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE - 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Madera County, California". United States Census Bureau.
- ^ "California - 2020 Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "2022 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
- ^ "Undocumented Immigrants in California" (PDF). Public Policy Institute of California. March 2017. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
- ^ "Profile of the Unauthorized Population: Madera County, CA". Migration Policy Institute. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
- ^ "Ahwahnee CDP, California - 2020 Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
- ^ "Bass Lake CDP, California - 2020 Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
- ^ "Chowchilla City, California - 2020 Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
- ^ "Coarsegold CDP, California - 2020 Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
- ^ "Fairmead CDP, California - 2020 Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
- ^ "La Vina CDP, California - 2020 Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
- ^ "Madera City, California - 2020 Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
- ^ "Madera Acres CDP, California - 2020 Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
- ^ "2019 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
- ^ "Oakhurst CDP, California - 2020 Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
- ^ "Parksdale CDP, California - 2020 Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
- ^ "Yosemite Lakes CDP, California - 2020 Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
- ^ a b c Koschmann, A. H.; Bergendahl, M. H. (1968). "Madera County California Gold Production". USGS.
- ^ "Monument Requested For Once Roaring Grub Gulch". Madera Tribune. Vol. 74, no. 228. April 5, 1966.
- ^ "Plans Told To Reopen Local Mine". Madera Tribune. Vol. 73, no. 233. April 16, 1965.
- doi:10.5066/P9XA8MJ4. Retrieved January 28, 2024.
- ^ a b c Ben Hurt. "A Sawmill History of the Sierra National Forest 1852-1940" (PDF). Sierra National Forest. Retrieved January 21, 2024.
- ISBN 0-9626377-7-7.
- ^ a b c "Madera County Economic Forecast 2021: Employment Sectors 2015-2021 History, 2022-2050 Forecast" (PDF). California Department of Transportation. Retrieved January 28, 2024.
- ^ "Madera County, California, farmers feel the pain of groundwater rules". Fruit Growers News. April 22, 2022. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
- ^ "County Agriculture Stats". Madera County Farm Bureau. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
- ^ "2022 Crop & Livestock Report". Madera County Department of Agriculture. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
- U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved July 25, 2022. - Text list
- ^ "Valley State Prison (VSP)". California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation. Retrieved February 14, 2024.
- ^ a b c U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B02001. U.S. Census website. Retrieved October 26, 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q California Secretary of State. February 10, 2013 - Report of Registration Archived July 27, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved October 31, 2013.
- ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved August 31, 2018.
- ^ "Counties by County and by District". California Citizens Redistricting Commission. Archived from the original on September 30, 2013. Retrieved September 24, 2014.
- ^ "California's 4th Congressional District - Representatives & District Map". Civic Impulse, LLC. Retrieved March 1, 2013.
- ^ "Communities of Interest — County". California Citizens Redistricting Commission. Archived from the original on October 23, 2015. Retrieved September 28, 2014.
- ^ Bowen, Debra (2008). Statement of Vote November 4th, 2008, General Election (PDF). California: California Secretary of State. p. 13.
- ^ "California Penal Code - PEN". FindLaw. Retrieved January 26, 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Office of the Attorney General, Department of Justice, State of California. Table 11: Crimes – 2009 Archived December 2, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved November 14, 2013.
- ^ Only larceny-theft cases involving property over $400 in value are reported as property crimes.
- ^ a b c United States Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation. Crime in the United States, 2012, Table 8 (California). Retrieved November 14, 2013.
- ^ 2010 Census
- ^ 2010 Census Interactive Population Search
- ^ 2010 Census Interactive Population Search
External links
- Official website
- Madera County GenWeb - Genealogy
- Madera County History—Transcription of 1933 document on the county's history
- Oakhurst Area Chamber of Commerce
- Yosemite Sierra Visitors Bureau
- Madera Tribune, newspaper for the western half of the county founded March 31, 1892
- Superior Court of Madera County
- Madera County Library
- Madera Community Hospital
- Madera Values Quarterly Magazine