Saqqawists
Saqqawists | |
---|---|
Leaders |
|
Dates of operation | 1924–1931 |
Allegiance | Tajiks |
Headquarters | |
Islamic conservatism[2]
Islamism[3][4] Anti-Shi'ism[5] Tajik interests[6] | |
Size | 24[7] (1924) 20,000 (14 April 1929) |
Allies | Basmachi movement |
Opponents |
|
Battles and wars |
|
The Saqqawists (
Name
The name derives from Kalakani's nickname, Bacha-e Saqaw (literally son of the water carrier).
The period in which Kalakani ruled Kabul, 17 January to 13 October 1929, is known as the "Saqqawist period".[8]
The name of this group has alternatively been rendered as "Saqaoists"[9] or "Saqawi".[10]
History
In November 1928, while a
Membership and support
The Saqqawists saw widespread support among Afghanistan's
Ideology
Kalakani declared himself to be a "defender of Islam",[13] denouncing opponents as kuffar.[14] The Saqqawists also had some support amongst Muslim conservatives.[2]
International relations
Despite taking control of Kabul, The Saqqawist government of Afghanistan was unable to obtain any diplomatic recognition.[15] Nonetheless, the Saqqawists allied themselves with the Basmachi movement, allowing them to operate in Northern Afghanistan, and revoking the "Pact of Neutrality and Non-Aggression" that Afghanistan had signed with the Soviet Union following the end of the Urtatagai conflict, which obligated Afghanistan to restrain Basmachi border raids.[16]
Human rights abuses
During the
Today, the Shiite sayyid Abu'l-Qasim, who had a house and plot of land in Takanah, prepared loaves of bread made from one and a half Kabuli seers of flour, a skin of fresh buttermilk, some oil, and a roasted sheep he had slaughtered at midday. He set off with the food to offer it to Habib Allah and his bandits who were hungry and thirsty. When the sayyid approached the leader of the thieves, he was asked who he was and where he came from. A Sunni Tajik from Jalriz, blinded by a savage, fanatical hatred for all Shiites, said he was a Shiite sayyid as well as a partisan who the night before had given shelter in his fort to a Hazarah, the son of Shah Nur. When he heard this, Habib Allah was enraged. Without thinking, he fired seven shots from his pistol into the sayyid although what he should have done was thank him for the desperately needed bread, meat, oil and buttermilk he had brought. Habib Allah then ordered his home burned to the ground and his belongings confiscated. He handed his two wifes and his betrothed daughter over to the Kuhdamanis. Hamid Allah, the tyrant's younger brother, came running from the battlefield to participate in torching the fort, ransacking the sayyid's belongings, and seizing his wives and children. Tearing an eight-month old son from its mother, he grabbed the baby by the feet and threw him to the ground with all his might, killing the infant. The Tajiks of Jalriz and Takanah dragged off everything from the sayyid's house. Since he had been quite well off, each Tajik made off with a substantial amount.
— Fayz Muhammad
References
- ISBN 9781558761551.
- ^ a b c Miraki, Mohammed (2000). "Chapter 6: The Anarchy of Habibullah (Bacha-e-Saqao) from January 1929 to October 1929". Factors of underdevelopment in Afghanistan, 1919-2000.
- ^ Ali, Mohammed (1933). Progressive Afghanistan. Punjab Educational Electric Press. pp. 29.
- ISBN 9781558761544.
- ISBN 9781558761544.
- ISBN 9781558761544.
- ^ ISBN 9781558761551.
- ^ ISBN 9781558761544.
- ^ a b Ali, Mohammed (1933). Progressive Afghanistan. Punjab Educational Electric Press. pp. 179, 180.
- ^ a b "MOḤAMMAD NĀDER SHAH – Encyclopaedia Iranica". www.iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
The following year, his enthronement was legitimated by a Lōya jerga (9-20 September 1930), whilst the final strongholds of Saqawi resistance were repressed in Kohdāman in 1930 (Eṣlāḥ I/67-70, 1930), and in Herat in 1931.
- ISBN 9781558761544.
- ISBN 9781558761551.
- ^ Ali, Mohammed (1933). Progressive Afghanistan. Punjab Educational Electric Press. pp. 29.
- ISBN 9781558761544.
- ISBN 9781558761544.
- S2CID 159486304.
- ISBN 9781558761544.
- ^ ISBN 9781558761544.
- ISBN 9781558761544.