Sarah T. Hughes

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Sarah Hughes
Senior Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas
In office
August 4, 1975 – April 23, 1985
Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas
In office
October 5, 1961 – August 4, 1975
Appointed byJohn F. Kennedy
Preceded bySeat established
Succeeded byPatrick Higginbotham
Personal details
Born
Sarah Augusta Tilghman

(1896-08-02)August 2, 1896
Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.
DiedApril 23, 1985(1985-04-23) (aged 88)
Dallas, Texas, U.S.
Political partyDemocratic
EducationGoucher College (BA)
George Washington University (LLB)

Sarah Tilghman Hughes (August 2, 1896 – April 23, 1985) was an American

assassinated in Dallas on November 22, 1963. She is the first and only woman to have sworn in a US President. The photo depicting Hughes administering the oath of office to Johnson is widely viewed as the most famous photo ever taken aboard Air Force One.[1][2]

Education and career

Born Sarah Augusta Tilghman in

Western High School) in Baltimore, where she was elected president of the freshman class. Standing only five feet one-half inch at maturity, she was described by a classmate as "small but terrible".[3] Her determined personality extended to the athletic field where she participated in intramural track and field, gymnastics, and basketball. Another instance of Hughes's strong personal discipline was seen in her habit of going to bed by 8 pm and getting up at 4 am, a habit she continued through much of her life. After graduating from Western High School, she attended Goucher College, an all women's college in central Baltimore very close to her home. She participated in athletics at Goucher College, and 'learned to lose without bitterness, to get up and try again, to never feel resentment,' a trait that would serve her well through many years of political victories and defeats. She graduated with an Artium Baccalaureus
degree in 1917.

After graduating from college, Hughes taught science at

The George Washington University Law School. She attended classes at night and during the day worked as a police officer. As a police officer, Hughes did not carry a gun or wear a police uniform because she worked to prevent crimes among women and girls, patrolling areas where female runaways and prostitutes were normally found. Her job was an expression of the progressive idea of rehabilitation instead of punishment. Hughes later credited this job with instilling in her a sense of commitment and responsibility to women and children. At that time she lived in a tent home near the Potomac River and commuted to the campus by canoe each evening.[3] She graduated with a Bachelor of Laws
in 1922.

In 1922, she moved to

James Burr V Allred
for the Fourteenth District Court in Dallas, becoming the state's first female district judge. In 1936 she was elected to the same post. She was re-elected six more times and remained in that post until 1961.

Federal judicial service

Hughes received a recess appointment from President John F. Kennedy on October 5, 1961, to the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas, to a new seat authorized by 75 Stat. 80. She was nominated to the same position by President Kennedy on January 15, 1962. She was confirmed by the United States Senate on March 16, 1962, and received her commission on March 17, 1962. She was the only female judge appointed by President Kennedy, the first female federal judge in Texas and the third female to serve in the federal judiciary. She assumed senior status on August 4, 1975. Her service terminated on April 23, 1985, due to her death.[6]

Circumstances of appointment

The appointment almost did not happen, according to the historian

Evans and Novak, which hurt Johnson's reputation for political effectiveness.[7] Historian Steven Gillon agrees with Caro's story, although it was not cross-cited.[8]

Women on juries

Hughes was concerned over the ineligibility of women in Texas to serve on juries even though they had the right to vote. She and Helen Edmunds Moore coauthored[when?] a proposed amendment that would allow women on juries in Texas, but the bill failed and went nowhere. Despite defeat, Hughes became closely identified with this cause and few people were recognized as working harder for this right. Due in to part to Hughes's work, Texas women secured the right to serve on juries in 1954.[9][10]

Administering the oath of office

Main article: First inauguration of Lyndon B. Johnson
Judge Hughes swears in Lyndon B. Johnson as President of the United States as Mrs. Kennedy (still wearing her blood-stained pink chanel suit) and Lady Bird Johnson look on. Photo by Cecil W. Stoughton.

Two years into her tenure as a federal district judge, on November 22, 1963, Hughes was called upon to administer the

assassination of President Kennedy, a task usually performed by the Chief Justice of the United States. According to an interview with Barefoot Sanders, who was United States Attorney for the Northern District of Texas at the time:[11]

LBJ called

Irving Goldberg from the plane and asked, 'Who can swear me in?' Goldberg called me, and I said, 'Well, we know a federal judge can.' Then I got a call from the President's plane, with the command 'Find Sarah Hughes.' Coincidentally, Judge Hughes, Jan [Sanders' wife] and I [Sanders] were supposed to go to Austin that night for a dinner for President Kennedy. I reached her at home and said, 'They need you to swear in the Vice President at Love Field
. Please get out there.'

She said, 'Is there an oath?'

I said, 'Yes, but we haven't found it yet.'

She said, 'Don't worry about it; I'll make one up.'

She was very resourceful, you know. By the time she got to the airplane, someone had already called it into the plane. We quickly realized that it is in the

Constitution
[Art. II, Sec. 1, cl. 8].

Hughes believed that President Johnson chose her to administer the oath of office due to their friendship,[

Jackie Kennedy; only then the swearing-in could take place. Hughes noted that Jackie's "eyes 'were cast down'" when Johnson nodded to the judge to start the oath of office.[14]

Other significant contributions

Throughout her lifetime, Sarah Hughes was known for her speedy and impartial administration. In 1950, she assisted in establishing Dallas's first juvenile detention center.[citation needed]

Hughes was involved in multiple court decisions, including Roe v. Wade, Shultz v. Brookhaven General Hospital, and Taylor v. Sterrett. Hughes was a member of the three-judge panel that first heard the case of Roe v. Wade; the panel's decision was subsequently affirmed by the Supreme Court of the United States. In Taylor v. Sterrett, she argued to upgrade prisoner treatment in the Dallas County jail. Hughes noted that "the Dallas County Jail was very much in need of change. It was in deplorable condition, and [she] think[s], that under [her] jurisdiction, it became one of the best jails in the whole United States."[15]

Later years and death

Hughes retired from the active federal bench in 1975, though she continued to work as a judge with senior status until 1982. A close friend of Lyndon Johnson and his family, Hughes participated in his inauguration in 1965, took part in the book signing of Lady Bird Johnson's White House memoirs, and participated in the dedication of the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum. The dress Hughes wore during the swearing in on Air Force One was donated to a wax museum in Grand Prairie, Texas, but it was destroyed in a fire in 1988.[16] In 1982, Hughes suffered a debilitating stroke which confined her to a nursing home in Dallas. She died three years later on April 23, 1985.[17]

The Sarah T. Hughes Field Politics Center at Hughes' alma mater, Goucher College, founded in the 1950s with a grant from the Maurice and Laura Falk Foundation, is named in her honor.[18] The special collections reading room of the University of North Texas Libraries is also named in her honor.[19]

Bibliography

  • La Forte, Robert S. "Hughes, Sarah Tilghman." Handbook of Texas Online. Accessed December 1, 2013.
  • La Forte, Robert S. and Richard Himmel. "Sarah T. Hughes, John F. Kennedy, and the Johnson Inaugural, 1963." East Texas Historical Journal 27, no. 2 (1989): 35–41.
  • Payne, Darwin. Indomitable Sarah: The Life of Judge Sarah T. Hughes. Dallas: Southern Methodist University Press, 2004.
  • Riddlesperger, James W. "Sarah T. Hughes." Master's thesis, North Texas State University, 1980.

See also

References

  1. ISBN 0698109309
    .
  2. ISBN 1401300049
    .
  3. ^ a b "Judge Sarah T. Hughes Collection — University of North Texas Libraries". Archived from the original on 2020-10-27. Retrieved 2021-11-08.
  4. ^ Bowman, Cynthia Grant (2009). "Women in the Legal Profession from the 1920s to the 1970s". Cornell Law Faculty Publications. Archived from the original on 2019-02-16. Retrieved 2018-09-14.
  5. ^ "Texas Legislators Past and Present-Sarah Hughes". Archived from the original on 2014-05-12. Retrieved 2014-05-11.
  6. ^ Clark, Mary (2002). "Carter's Groundbreaking Appointment of Women to the Federal Bench: His Other "Human Rights" Record" (PDF). AALS. pp. 1–2. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 13, 2007. Retrieved January 17, 2013. "Today, women comprise 26.3% of the judgeships on state courts of last resort, 19.2% of federal district court judgeships, 20.1% of federal appellate judgeships, and 33.3% of the U.S. Supreme Court." Women in the United States judiciary.
  7. ^
    ISBN 978-0-679-40507-8
    .
  8. ^ a b Gillon, Steven (2009). ""I Do Solemly Swear". The Kennedy Assassination - 24 Hours Later. New York City: Basic Books.
  9. ^ "Biographies: Women in Texas History". womenintexashistory.com. 2007. Archived from the original on February 1, 2014. Retrieved January 23, 2014.
  10. ^ From Gutsy Mavericks to Quiet Heroes: True Tales of Texas Women. Dallas, Texas: Foundation for Women's Resources. 1997.
  11. ^ "vd_2002_fall_Barefoot%20Sanders(1)" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2006-01-08. Retrieved 2008-09-22.
  12. ^ a b Holland, Max (2004). The Kennedy Assassination Tapes. New York: Knopf. p. 24.
  13. ISBN 978-0-679-40507-8
    .
  14. ISBN 978-0-679-40507-8
    .
  15. ^ "INSIDE THE DALLAS COUNTY JAIL". D Magazine. July 1977. Archived from the original on 2018-09-14. Retrieved 2018-09-14.
  16. ^ "Irreplaceable items lost in museum fire". The Seguin Gazette-Enterprise. Seguin, Texas. AP. September 11, 1988. p. 3. Archived from the original on November 8, 2015. Retrieved October 4, 2015.
  17. ISSN 0458-3035. Archived
    from the original on 2017-06-12. Retrieved 2018-09-15.
  18. ^ "The Sarah T. Hughes Field Politics Center | Goucher College". Goucher College. Archived from the original on 2018-09-17. Retrieved 2018-09-16.
  19. ^ "Special Collections: Research - University Libraries - UNT". Archived from the original on 2018-11-05. Retrieved 2018-11-05.

External links

Legal offices
New seat Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas
1961–1975 		Succeeded by
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