Savadkuh County

Coordinates: 36°06′N 52°56′E / 36.100°N 52.933°E / 36.100; 52.933
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Not to be confused with North Savadkuh County.

Savadkuh County
UTC+3:30 (IRST)
Savadkuh County can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "9207257" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".

Savadkuh County (

Romanized as Ŝahrestāne Sawādkuh, Savadkooh, and Savadkouh, is in Mazandaran province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Pol-e Sefid.[4]

At the 2006 census, the county's population was 66,430 in 17,918 households.[5] The following census in 2011 counted 64,378 people in 19,506 households.[6] At the 2016 census, Savadkuh County's population was 43,913 in 14,956 households,[3] by which time Shirgah District had been separated from the county in the establishment of North Savadkuh County.[7]

Covering an area of 2,441 square kilometres (942 sq mi), Savadkuh is at the centre of Mazandaran Province. It is limited northwestward by

Alborz region
, where the Tâlâr river passes through it.

The tallest summit of Savadkuh, is Khero-Naru, with a height of 3,620 metres (11,880 ft). The most important rivers flowing in this city are Tâlâr and Babol-rud, which originate from the Alborz mountain range standing southeast and southwest of Savadkuh. These rivers irrigate the farmlands in Babol, Babolsar and Qaemŝahr. Including two areas of mountain in the north and foothill in the south, the mountainous area has a temperate and humid climate, and the weather in the south is dry and cold.

Savadkuh is the birthplace of

Reza Shah Pahlavi, the founder of the Pahlavi dynasty

History

Behistun, mentions Pâtišvâreš as one of the territories under his rule. This Old Persian form subsequently became Middle Persian Pateŝxârgar and, following the Arab conquest, Perso-Arabic Faršavâdjar. The Greek historiographer Strabo
records this name as Prâxovâtrâs.

In his inscription at

Gilan, Tabaristan, Kumesh
and Damghan.

Mohammad Hassan Khan (Etemad Saltaneh's Tadvin Fi Ahval Jebal Shervin, History of Savadkuh) mentions it as the old name of the ancient area of Savâdkuh. They believe that the word "Savad" was distorted and changed to Faršavât. Savadkuh enjoyed great importance in the history of Tabaristan and even in Iran.

Its tall mountains were the feudal seats of the

Pahlavi script
demonstrates the attention of the Savâdkuhs to the script, language and customs of their ancestors. The population of this region composed many poems, describing the heroic efforts and bravery of their notables.

Administrative divisions

The population history and structural changes of Savadkuh County's administrative divisions over three consecutive censuses are shown in the following table. The latest census shows two districts, four rural districts, and three cities.[3]

Savadkuh County Population
Administrative Divisions 2006[5] 2011[6] 2016[3]
Central District 42,679 40,969 22,537
Kaseliyan RD 3,872 4,064
Rastupey RD 7,084 7,557 7,529
Sorkhkola RD 520 552
Valupey RD 3,538 4,535 5,521
Alasht (city) 976 874 1,193
Pol-e Sefid (city) 8,473 7,708 8,294
Zirab (city) 18,216 15,679
Shirgah District1 23,751 23,409
Lafur RD 4,826 4,493
Sharq va Gharb-e Shirgah RD 10,396 10,787
Shirgah (city) 8,529 8,129
Zirab District 21,376
Kaseliyan RD 4,217
Sorkhkola RD 968
Zirab (city) 16,191
Total 66,430 64,378 43,913
RD: Rural District
1Became a part of North Savadkuh County[7]

Human geography

Derasele, Savadkuh

Having 250 seasonal and permanent villages, the language spoken in Savadkuh is Mazandarani. Its native inhabitants are Shiite Muslims.

The farmlands in Savadkuh are limited because of its large forests and mountainous areas. So the farmers use their crops themselves, including rice, wheat, barley and sugar cane. According to geographical features, the economy of this city is based on apiculture and animal husbandry, more than agriculture.

Language

The languages spoken in Savadkuh are Mazandarani and Persian, for the major part; and Mazandarani and Persian for the inhabitants of the villages.

Natural attractions

The most important natural attractions of Savadkuh are: Ŝur Mast lake, near a village by the same name, Gazu waterfall in Lafur hamlet, waterfalls of Shirga and Gaduk, the mountains of Arfa Kuh, Sangar and Qadamgah, in Rassto Pei hamlet and Shervin mountain in Valu Pei hamlet; and Alasht city.

Historical sites and landmarks

Lajim Tower
Veresk Bridge

Veresk Bridge

The

Mazandaran province.[9][10]

During World War II, it was known as the Pol-e Piroozi ("The bridge of victory").[11] The bridge stands 110 metres (360 ft) tall and its arch measures 66 metres (217 ft) long. The bridge serves the Trans-Iranian Railway network in Northern Iran. The Veresk bridge connects the railway between Tehran and the

Ghaemshahr and connects two of the mountains in the Abbas Abad region. The bridge is one of the masterpieces of the Danish engineering firm Kampsax, (consisting of Danish, German and Austrian engineers) serving the Trans-Iranian Railway network in Northern Iran.[12] The construction of this bridge included craftsmen of many nationalities, including many Italian. The Master Carpenter for the construction of the lumber concrete forms was Giacomo Di Marco, from the Friuli region of Italy, and detailed in the book he authored. It has been said after finishing the bridge, people had a fear that the train wouldn't be able to pass the narrow bridge and that it would break. As a result, the engineer and his family stood under it when the first train passed the bridge (local accounts claim that Reza Shah had asked them to do so anyway).[13]

Lajim Tower

Lajim Tower, also known as Tomb Tower of Lajim,

Persian prince of Tabaristan.[15]

Kangelo Castle

Kangelo Castle is a historical fortress located in the Savadkuh and in the village of

Sassanian Empire
was built. According to historians, the castle of Kangelo was used as a place to worship the mirta.

Espahbod Khorshid Cave

This cave is located between the railway station of Pol-e Sefid and Surkh Abad, in the vicinity of Do Ab. It was discovered in the year 1956. The cave has a simple area or hall, with a ceiling 80 m. in width and height, and is considered spectacular in the world. Near this cave is a remnant of a ruined castle and tower, which was once a beautiful structure of stone and mortar. This cave is also known as Dej-e-Afsanehie, and this was most probably the defense center of the

Mazandaran
in the past.

Balu Bridge

Located along the Shirgah-Zirab road, near Talar river, it was made of fired bricks and mortar. The main part of this bridge was destroyed because of breaking, and now two herring-bone-shaped arches remained intact. One of them is 3 metres (9.8 ft) wide and 4.75 metres (15.6 ft) high, and another is 4.5 metres (15 ft) wide and 5.50 metres (18.0 ft) high. According to its architectural features, it probably dates back to before the Safavid dynasty.

Urim Rudbar Church

This monument was built, following the erection of the northern Iranian railway. It was used for religious ceremonies by foreign personnel. The church consists of a chamber, measuring 4.20 by 5.20 metres (13.8 by 17.1 ft). With a height of 4 metres (13 ft), it houses a

prayer niche
and four cement candlesticks. The construction was made of stone and cement.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Savadkuh County.

References

  1. ^ OpenStreetMap contributors (30 May 2023). "Savadkuh County" (Map). OpenStreetMap. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
  2. ^ Management and Planning Organization of Mazandaran, 2006
  3. ^ a b c d "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016)". AMAR (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 02. Archived from the original (Excel) on 7 October 2021. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  4. ^ Habibi, Hassan (21 June 1369). "Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the divisions of Mazandaran province, centered in Sari city". Lamtakam (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Defense Political Commission of the Government Council. Archived from the original on 14 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  5. ^ a b "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006)". AMAR (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 02. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  6. ^ a b "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011)". Syracuse University (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 02. Archived from the original (Excel) on 19 January 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  7. ^ a b Rahimi, Mohammadreza (20 April 2012). "With the approval of the Cabinet, Northern Savadkuh County was created". DOLAT (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Board of Ministers. Archived from the original on 26 December 2016. Retrieved 26 May 2023.
  8. ^ Veresk Bridge, the Born of the World War
  9. ^ Veresk Bridge / SeeIran
  10. ^ Veresk bridge in Mazandaran / Mehr News Agency
  11. ^ Veresk Bridge / itto
  12. ISBN 2-902170-68-8
  13. ^ Veresk Bridge Safe auf FinancialTribune.com
  14. ^ a b Michailidis, Melanie (2003). "Tomb Tower of Lajim". Aga Khan Visual Archive.
  15. ^ a b c Blair, Sheila (1992). The Monumental Inscriptions from Early Islamic Iran and Transoxiana. pp. 88–90.


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