Scuole Grandi of Venice
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The Scuole Grandi (literally 'Great Schools', plural of Italian: Scuola Grande) were confraternity or sodality institutions in Venice, Italy. They were founded as early as the 13th century as charitable and religious organizations for the laity. These institutions had a key role in the history and development of music. The first groups of bowed instrument players named Violoni were born there in the early 16th century.[1]
Membership and responsibilities
Unlike the trade
Their activities grew to encompass the organization of processions, sponsoring festivities, distribution of money, food and clothing to poorer members, provision of dowries to daughters, burial of paupers, and the supervision of hospitals. Among the Scuole Grandi's goals was to encourage living virtuously, and to offer both material and spiritual support to their members.[4]
During the Middle Ages, each school had its own regulations, named
Their autonomy was lost during the Renaissance when the institutions were subjected to a specific magistracy that ruled the office of the leaders and oversaw the drafting of capitulars.[5] After a process of secularization, charities lost their Christian identity and were absorbed into the Venetian structure of the state[6] that encompassed an exhibiting unity-order among the social classes of the republic.[7]
While Venice deleted the medieval
Structure and physical layout
The Scuole Grandi were regulated by the
Typically the main building consisted of an androne, or meeting hall for the provision of charity; the upper floor contained the salone used for meeting of the Capitolo and a smaller room, the albergo, used for meetings of the Banca and Zonta. They often had an affiliated hospital and church. The Scuola often sheltered relics, commissioned famous works of art, or patronized musicians and composers.
List of Scuole Grandi
By 1552, there were six Scuole Grandi, but the first four arose out of flagellant societies of the thirteenth century:[10]
- Scuola Grande di Santa Maria della Carità (founded 1260)
- Scuola Grande di San Giovanni Evangelista (founded 1261)
- Scuola vecchia della Misericordia (founded 1308)
- Scuola Grande di San Marco (founded 1260)
- Scuola Grande di San Rocco (founded 1481)
- Scuola Grande di San Teodoro (founded 1552)
The Scuola Grande dei Carmini was the last of its kind to be recognized as a Scuola Grande in 1767 by the Council of Ten.
References
- ^ Pio, Stefano. Viol and Lute Makers of Venice 1490 -1630. pp. Chap. III.
- ^ OCLC 33497518.
- ^ Smith, Lorenza. "Devotional confraternities (scuole) in Renaissance Venice". Smarthistory. Retrieved 2023-11-09.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-15-144230-0.
- ^ "History of the Scuole Grandi of Venice Italy". Archived from the original on May 23, 2019.
- ^ from the original on May 23, 2019.
- ^ Lorenza Smith. "Devotional confraternities (scuole) in Renaissance Venice". Smarthistory. Archived from the original on May 23, 2019.
- JSTOR 3692441.
- from the original on June 2, 2018.
- ISBN 978-0-15-144230-0.
Bibliography
- Howard, Deborah (1975). Yale University press (ed.). Jacopo Sansovino; Architecture and Patronage in Renaissance Venice. pp. 64–74.
- "Viol and Lute Makers of Venice 1490 -1630" Ed. Venice research 2012, ISBN 9788890725203