Sexual minority
A sexual minority is a group whose
Variants include GSM ("Gender and Sexual Minorities"),
Sexual and gender minority is an umbrella term that encompasses populations included in the acronym "LGBTI" (
Origins
The term sexual minority most likely was coined in the late 1960s under the influence of
Scientists such as
Associated health and social issues
Stress
Social issues may lead to possible health and psychological issues, especially in youth. It has been found that sexual minorities face increased stress due to stigmas. This stigma-related stress creates elevated coping regulation and social and cognitive processes leading to risk for psychopathology.[20] Examples of stigma-related stress that sexual minorities encounter throughout their lives are homophobia, rejection, and discrimination which leads them to having to conceal their identities. Research has shown that about 80% of these individuals reported to have been harassed.[21] These types of negative experiences increase the chance of them developing major depression and generalized anxiety disorder, including an increased chance of drugs and alcohol consumption.
Risky behavior
The
Development
Based on studies of adolescents, it is concluded that sexual minorities are similar to heterosexual adolescents in developmental needs and concerns. However, research has suggested that sexual minority youth (more specifically LGBT youth) are more susceptible to psychological and health issues than heterosexual youth.[22]
Epidemiology
Sexual minorities tend to use
Adolescent sexual minorities report a higher incidence of the following when compared to heterosexual students:
- having feelings of not being safe travelling to and from school or in school
- not going to school because they did not feel safe.
- being forced to do sexual things they did not want to do by someone they were dating or going out with one or more times during the 12 months (touching, kissing, or physically forced to have sexual intercourse)
- having had sexual intercourse
- having sex for the first time before age 13
- having had sex with at least four other people
- not using birth control
- having had experienced sexual violence[2]
When compared to the general population, sexual minorities have a higher risk for self-injury.[25] The treatment of aging sexual minorities seems to be influenced more by ageism. Support for aging sexual minorities appears to be common.[26]
Discrimination
When gay, lesbian, and bisexual adults reported being discriminated against, 42 percent credited it to their sexual orientation. This discrimination was positively associated with both harmful effects on quality of life and indicators of psychiatric morbidity.[27] Furthermore, those who were bisexuals and homosexuals compared to heterosexuals, tended to report to have one of the five psychiatric disorders examined.[27] It was evident that the discrimination these homosexual individuals experienced had a negative impact leading to psychological changes.
In the media
Sexual minorities are generally portrayed in the mass media as being ignored, trivialized, or condemned. The term symbolic annihilation accounts for their lack of characterization due to not fitting into the white, heterosexual, vanilla type lifestyle. It has been suggested that online media has developed into a space in which sexual minorities may use "social artillery". This description centers on how social networking and connections to oppose instances of homophobia.[28] Still, some individuals have made their way into the media through television and music. TV shows such as The Ellen DeGeneres Show and Modern Family star individuals who are open about their non-heterosexual lifestyles. In music, people like Sam Smith and Sia have created songs that express their emotions and sexuality with a number of followers. While sexual minorities do have a place in the media, it is often critiqued that they are still limited in their representations. In shows, if a character is gay, they are often a shallow character that is only present for comic relief or as a plot twist. Compared to a heteronormative counterpart, the sexual minority is often a mere side-kick. However, since the integration of actors, musicians, and characters of sexual minorities, the idea of non-normativity has become more normalized in society.[29]
Cultural issues
Current and past research has been "skewed toward SM men—and is disproportionately focused on HIV and other sexually transmitted infections." From 1989 to 2011, numerous grants for research were sponsored and funded by the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) but funded research for sexual minorities and health made up 0.1% of all funded studies. Most research has been directed toward gay and bisexual men. Women sexual minority studies accounted for 13.5%.[30]
Sexual minorities in South Africa have sexual-orientation-related health inequities when compared to other countries. One of the higher incidents of sexual violence directed toward women of a sexual minority occurs in South Africa. Women of color who are living in low-income, urban areas notably are targeted. The perpetrators of sexual violence believe that they are "correcting the women" and that their actions will cure them of their homosexuality.[30]
Controversy
This section needs additional citations for verification. (March 2017) |
Some referred to as "sexual minorities" include
Usually, the term sexual minority is applied only to groups who practice consensual sex: For example, it would be unusual to refer to
See also
Explanatory notes
- ^ See also: Variants of the term "LGBT".
References
- OL 8151801M.
SUMMARY. This chapter explores the cultural, religious, and sociological underpinnings of homophobia and intolerance toward homosexuals.
- ^ a b c Kann, Laura; O'Malley Olsen, Emily; McManus, Tim; Harris, William A.; et al. (August 11, 2016). "Sexual Identity, Sex of Sexual Contacts, and Health-Related Behaviors Among Students in Grades 9–12 — United States and Selected Sites, 2015; Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Archived from the original on August 26, 2019. Retrieved March 20, 2017.
- ^ "Definition of Terms - "Sexual Minority"". Gender Equity Resource Center. Archived from the original on 29 July 2015. Retrieved 12 March 2015.
- ^ Sharma, Gopal (7 January 2015). "Nepal to issue passports with third gender for sexual minorities". Reuters. Archived from the original on 8 June 2019. Retrieved 12 March 2015.
- ^ Galloway, Tammy (March 17, 2023). "Gender & Sexual Minorities (GSM): Definition and Stigmas". Study.com. Archived from the original on March 18, 2023. Retrieved March 17, 2023.
- from the original on 2023-03-23, retrieved 2021-06-09
- ISBN 978-1-137-55425-3, archivedfrom the original on 2023-03-23, retrieved 2021-06-09
- ^ Organisation proposes replacing the 'limiting' term LGBT with 'more inclusive' GSD Archived 2018-06-16 at the Wayback Machine, February 25, 2013
- ^ "Sexual & Gender Minority Youth in Los Angeles Foster Care, Bianca D.M. Wilson, Khush Cooper, Angeliki Kastanis, Sheila Nezhad, The Williams Institute, 2014 | The Center for HIV Law and Policy". www.hivlawandpolicy.org. Archived from the original on 2015-03-24. Retrieved 2019-03-04.
- ^ "Sexual & Gender Minority Research Office | DPCPSI". dpcpsi.nih.gov. Archived from the original on 2020-11-12. Retrieved 2019-03-04.
- ^ "Anxiety and Depression in Sexual and Gender Minority Individuals". adaa.org. Archived from the original on 2018-12-16. Retrieved 2019-03-04.
- ^ "Advancing Excellence in Sexual and Gender Minority Health | Fenway Health: Health Care Is A Right, Not A Privilege". fenwayhealth.org. 8 November 2018. Archived from the original on 2019-03-06. Retrieved 2019-03-04.
- ^ "Sexual and Gender Minorities in Western Kenya". Williams Institute. 2019-01-30. Archived from the original on 2019-03-06. Retrieved 2019-03-04.
- ^ "Resources". ISGMH. 2016-11-08. Archived from the original on 2017-02-20. Retrieved 2019-03-04.
- ^ https://www.edi.nih.gov/sites/default/files/EDI_Public_files/sgm-strategic-plan.pdf Archived 2021-03-18 at the Wayback Machine [bare URL PDF]
- ^ Lattimer, Julia. "GSM acronym better than LGBT alphabet soup". Collegiate Times. Archived from the original on 11 July 2018. Retrieved 11 June 2015.
- ^ DeGagne, Alexa (6 October 2011). "Queering the language of 'sexual minorities' in Canada". University of Alberta. Archived from the original on 12 June 2015. Retrieved 11 June 2015.
- ISBN 9780714507910. Archivedfrom the original on 23 March 2023. Retrieved 12 March 2015.
- ^ a b Savin-Williams, Ritch C. "A critique of research on sexual-minority youths." Journal of adolescence 24.1 (2001): 5-13.
- ^ PMID 19702379.
- S2CID 24133995.
- PMID 11988446.
- PMID 27159811.
- PMID 27074088.
- PMID 27272643.
- PMID 27167408. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2018-07-20. Retrieved 2019-02-13.
- ^ PMID 11684618.[16-years old]
- S2CID 37527336.
- ^ "GLOing Depictions of Sexual Minorities: The Evolution of Gay- and Lesbian-Oriented Digital Media | Technoculture". tcjournal.org. Archived from the original on 2016-12-20. Retrieved 2016-12-05.
- ^ PMID 27066890.
- ISBN 978-1-61209-939-2.
- ^ "Understanding the Asexual Community". HUMAN RIGHTS CAMPAIGN. March 17, 2023. Archived from the original on March 14, 2023. Retrieved March 17, 2023.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ Liao, SH (2023). "Fictosexual Manifesto: Their Position, Political Possibility, and Critical Resistance". NTU-OTASTUDY GROUP. Archived from the original on 2023-03-12. Retrieved 2023-03-16.
- ^ "Polyamory Terms". Loving More Nonprofit. 2012-01-21. Archived from the original on 2023-03-18. Retrieved 2023-03-18.
- ^ a b Nichols, Margaret, and M. I. C. H. A. E. L. Shernoff. "Therapy with sexual minorities." Principles and practice of sex therapy 4 (2000): 353-367.
- recreational sex exclusively with teenagers.
External links
- The dictionary definition of sexual minority at Wiktionary