Lal Shahbaz Qalandar

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Sayed Uthman Marwandi (Lal Shahbaz Qalandar)
Tomb of Lal Shahbaz Qalandar in Sehwan
TitleQalandar, Jhuelal
Personal
Born
Sayed Uthman Marwandi

1177[1]
Marwand[2]
Died19 February 1274(1274-02-19) (aged 96–97)[1]
Sehwan (present-day Sindh, Pakistan)
ReligionIslam
ParentSayyid Ibrahim Kabiruddin al-Jawabi (father)[3]
Other namesLal Shahbaz Qalandar
Muslim leader
Based inSehwan
Period in office12th/13th century

Uthman Marwandi, (1177 - 19 February 1274) popularly known as Lal Shahbaz Qalandar (

Sufi saint and poet who is revered in South Asia.[1]

Born in

Sindhi population.[6]

Names

Tomb of Lal Shahbaz Qalandar, also known as Jhulelal Qalandar, in Sindh, Pakistan
.

He is called Lal ("ruby-coloured") because he used to wear red color attire, red was his favorite color;[7] "Shahbaz" to denote a noble and divine spirit and "Qalandar" as he was a wandering spiritual man.[1]

Lal Shahbaz Qalandar is sometimes called Jhulelal (Sindhi: جھولےلال).[8][1] The term Jhulelal means "red bridegroom". There are various legends why he was called thus. According to the Garland Encyclopedia, Lal Shahbaz Qalandar was referred to as Jhulelal (red bridegroom) because he was promised marriage to a daughter of his friend, but the friend died and later his friend's son refused to allow the agreed upon marriage, which caused Lal Shahbaz Qalandar to grief.[9][10]

Life

Lal Shahbaz Qalandar, son of Sayyid Ibrahim Kabiruddin al-Jawabi,

Ghurids (today's Punjab, Pakistan).[12]

A contemporary of

Rumi, he travelled around the Muslim world and settled in Sehwan, Sindh where he was eventually buried.[13] There is evidence of his presence in Sindh in 1196 when he met Pir Haji Ismail Panhwar of Paat and he is believed to have arrived in Sehwan around 1251. There he established a meeting house (khanqah), taught in the Fuqhai Islam Madarrsah and wrote his treatises Mizan-us-Surf, Kism-e-Doyum, Aqd and Zubdah. Lal Shahbaz lived a celibate life.[1]

In

Syed Jalaluddin Bukhari. The friendship of these four became legendary. They were known as the Chahar Yar (In Persian "the four friends").[3] According to some historians, the four friends visited various parts of Sindh and Punjab (in present-day Pakistan).[3]

This was also the time period when Ghiyas ud din Balban (reigned: 1266 – 1287) ruled India.[3]

It is said Lal Shahbaz Qalandar was a tough ascetic. When he arrived in Sehwan (then Savistan), there was a shaivites cult of ascetics. He joined the ascetics, was engaged in tapasiya and acts of self-mortification like sitting on a cauldron of fire.[10]

The 19th century spiritual Sufi Manqabat Dama Dam Mast Qalandar is dedicated to Lal Shahbaz Qalandar and is widely popular in the sub-continent.

Shrine

Gateway to the shrine of Lal Shahbaz Qalandar
Interior of the shrine of Lal Shahbaz Qalandar in Sehwan
Main article: Shrine of Lal Shahbaz Qalandar

The shrine of Lal Shahbaz Qalandar was built by

Sufi order
inspired by the teachings of Lal Shahbaz Qalandar.

Mela / Urs (Annual Fair)

Lal Shahbaz's annual

Muslim lunar calendar, brings more than two million pilgrims from all over Pakistan and parts of India, Bangladesh. Essentially, it is a south Asian affair.[20]

The 2017 terrorist attack

Main article:
2017 Lal Shahbaz Qalandar Shrine Suicide Bombing

On 16 February 2017, a group claimed responsibility for a

suicide attack on the shrine, which resulted in the deaths of 88 people.[19] The following morning, the shrine's caretaker continued the daily tradition of ringing the shrine's bell at 3:30 A.M. and defiantly vowed that he would not be intimidated by the terrorists. Pakistani government and security forces have also launched a nationwide security crackdown and have recently killed 37 terrorists.[21] The shrine's dhamaal, or meditative dancing ceremony, was resumed the very next evening following the attack.[18]

Dhammal

Dhamaal is a mystical dance of Sindh which is mainly performed by faqirs, dervishs, sufi saints and devotees. The Dhammal of Hazrat Lal Shahbaz Qalandar is quite famous. The main performers would wear all red color Jama and Sindhi Patko (turban), the red is the color of Lal Shahbaz Qalandar, which was the favorite color of him, he wore the attire of red color as well, hence the name "Lal" has been given to him which means "Red".[22] Dhammal is characterized by religious fervor. Nagaro, Nobat, Gharyal, Ghugoo instruments etc provide the beat and tempo for the dance.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f "The Sufi in red Pakistan Today". archive.pakistantoday.com.pk. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
  2. ISBN 1576073556
    .
  3. ^ a b c d e Lohar, Masood (5 October 2004). "Saint revered by people of all religions". DAWN (newspaper). Retrieved 14 February 2018.
  4. ^ "Hazrat Lal Shehbaz Qalandar". Aal-e-Qutub Aal-e-Syed Abdullah Shah Ghazi. 18 December 2017. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  5. ISBN 978-1-908286-99-4
    .
  6. ISBN 0809136198
    .
  7. ^ admin (1 January 2012). "Story Of Pakistan | Lal Shahbaz Qalandar". Story Of Pakistan. Retrieved 4 April 2024.
  8. ISBN 978-0807857892
    .
  9. ISBN 9780824049461
  10. ^
    ISBN 978-1-4088-0124-6
    .
  11. ^ Qazi Ghulam Shabbir. Aqwal al-Masomin Fi Rad al-Muqasirin (in Urdu). Vol. 1. Pakistan. p. 57.
  12. RCD Cultural Institute
    .
  13. ^ M Inam (1978) Hazrat Lal Shahbaz Qalandar of Sehwan Sharif. Karachi.
  14. ^ Hasan, Masudul (1965). Hand Book of Important Places in West Pakistan. Lahore: Pakistan Social Service Foundation. p. 21.
  15. ^ Balfour, Edward (1885). The Cyclopædia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia, Volume 3. B. Quaritch. p. 562.
  16. ^ a b Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Volume 68. Asia: Bishop's College Press. 1899. p. 32.
  17. ^ Khan, Mohammad Hussain (11 March 2023). "In pictures: Devotees converge on Sehwan as Lal Shahbaz Qalandar's urs begins". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
  18. ^ a b "Pakistan's Sufis defiant after Islamic State attack on shrine kills 83". Reuters News Agency. 17 February 2017. Retrieved 14 February 2018.
  19. ^ a b "Sehwan bombing toll reaches 88, over 250 injured". The News International (newspaper). 17 February 2017. Retrieved 14 February 2018.
  20. ^ "In all its glory, Qalandar's urs culminates in Sehwan". The Express Tribune (newspaper). 18 May 2017. Retrieved 14 February 2018.
  21. ^ "37 terrorists killed in security crackdown after Sehwan bombing". The News International (newspaper). 17 February 2017. Retrieved 14 February 2018.
  22. ^ admin (1 January 2012). "Story Of Pakistan | Lal Shahbaz Qalandar". Story Of Pakistan. Retrieved 4 April 2024.
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