Sheikh Jarrah
Sheikh Jarrah (
Certain properties are subject to
History
12th century
The Arab neighborhood of Sheikh Jarrah was originally a village named after Hussam al-Din al-Jarrahi, who lived in the 12th century and was an emir and the personal physician to Saladin, the military leader whose army liberated[neutrality is disputed] Jerusalem from the Crusaders. Sheikh Hussam received the title jarrah(جراح<), meaning "healer" or "surgeon" in Arabic.[6][7]
Sheikh Jarrah established a
19th century
The neighborhood Sheikh Jarrah was established on the slopes of
Because it was founded by Rabah al-Husayni whose home formed the nucleus of Sheikh Jarrah, the neighborhood was locally referred to as the "Husayni Neighborhood."
Population around 1900
At the Ottoman census of 1905, the Sheikh Jarrah
Jordanian and Israeli control
During the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, 14 April, 78 Jews, mostly doctors and nurses, were killed on their way to Hadassah Hospital when their convoy was attacked by Arab forces as it passed through Sheikh Jarrah, the main road to Mount Scopus. In the wake of these hostilities, Mount Scopus was cut off from what would become West Jerusalem.[17] On 24 April the Haganah launched an attack on Sheikh Jarrah as part of Operation Yevusi but they were forced to retreat after action by the British Army.
From 1948, Sheikh Jarrah was on the edge of a UN-patrolled no-man's land between West Jerusalem and the Israeli
During the Six-Day War of 1967, Israel captured East Jerusalem, including Sheikh Jarrah. While discussing "The Legal and Administrative Matters Law of 1970" in the Knesset in 1968, The Minister of Justice stated that "if the Jordanian Custodian of Enemy Property in East Jerusalem sold a house to someone and received money, this house will not be returned", implying that the deal with UNRWA would be respected.[22]
Under international law, the area, effectively annexed by Israel, is a part of the occupied Palestinian territories.[23][24] Israel applies its laws there[23][24] and the legal proceedings in these and other similar cases in East Jerusalem, are based on the application of two Israeli laws, the Absentee Property Law and the Legal and Administrative Matters Law of 1970.[25]
Jewish groups have sought to gain property in Sheikh Jarrah claiming they were once owned by Jews, including the Shepherd Hotel compound, the Mufti's Vineyard, the building of the el-Ma'amuniya school, the Simeon the Just/Shimon HaTzadik compound, and the Nahlat Shimon neighborhood.
In May 2021, clashes occurred between Palestinians and Israeli police over further anticipated evictions in Sheikh Jarrah.[26][27]
Consulates and diplomatic missions
In the 1960s, many diplomatic missions and consulates opened in Sheikh Jarrah: The
Tony Blair, former envoy of the Diplomatic Quartet,[30] stays at the American Colony Hotel when visiting the region.[31]
Transportation
The neighbourhood's main street, Nablus Road, was previously part of route 60. In the 1990s a new dual carriageway with two lanes in each direction and a separate bus lane was built west of the neighborhood. Tracks were laid in the busway which since 2010 form the Red Line of the Jerusalem Light Rail.[32]
Landmarks
Shrines and tombs
The Jewish presence in Sheikh Jarrah centered on the tomb of Shimon HaTzadik, one of the last members of the Great Assembly, the governing body of the Jewish people after the Babylonian Exile. According to the Babylonian Talmud, Shimon HaTzadik met with Alexander the Great when the Macedonian army passed through the Land of Israel and convinced him not to destroy the Second Temple. For years Jews made pilgrimages to his tomb in Sheikh Jarrah, a practice documented in travel literature. In 1876, the cave and the adjoining land, planted with 80 ancient olive trees, were purchased by the Jews for 15,000 francs. Dozens of Jewish families built homes on the property.[33] Other landmarks in Sheikh Jarrah are a medieval mosque dedicated to one of the soldiers of Saladin, St. George's Anglican Cathedral and the Tomb of the Kings.
St. John of Jerusalem Eye Hospital
The
St. Joseph's French Hospital
The St. Joseph's French Hospital is situated across the street from St John of Jerusalem Eye Hospital and is run by a French Catholic charity. It is a 73-bed hospital with three main operating theaters, coronary care unit, X-ray, laboratory facilities, and outpatient clinic. Facilities in internal medicine, surgery, neurosurgery, E.N.T., pediatric surgery and orthopedics.[36]
Shepherd Hotel
Cultural references
Sheikh Jarrah is the subject of a 2012 documentary film, My Neighbourhood, co-directed by Julia Bacha and Rebekah Wingert-Jabi and co-produced by Just Vision and Al Jazeerah.
Notable people
- George Antonius
- Kai Bird
- Mohammed El-Kurd, journalist, poet and activist for Palestinian rights
- Yonatan Yosef, Israeli rabbi
Gallery
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Aerial view of Shepherd Hotel, 1933
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Sheikh Jarrah in 1945 in the Survey of Palestine
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Sheikh Jarrah briefly held by the Harel Brigade (Palmach) 24 April 1948
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Sheikh Jarrah after Operation Yevusi
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OCHAoPT map of Palestinian communities under threat of eviction in East Jerusalem, 2016
References
- ^ Zirulnick, Ariel. Bryant, Christa Case. Five controversial Jewish neighborhoods in East Jerusalem Archived 2021-02-12 at the Wayback Machine Christian Science Monitor. 10 January 2011
- ^ Medding, Shira. Khadder, Kareem. Jerusalem committee OKs controversial construction plan Archived 2011-02-22 at the Wayback Machine CNN 07 February 2011
- ^ Neri Livneh, 'So What's It Like Being Called an Israel-hater?,' Archived 2017-03-15 at the Wayback Machine Haaretz, 16 March 2010.
- ^ Israel under pressure to rein in settlers after clashes at al-Aqsa mosque: Fresh skirmishes break out in the early hours of Sunday amid protests by Palestinians against evictions in East Jerusalem Archived 2021-05-09 at the Wayback Machine, Financial Times, 9 May 2021: "Jewish settlers have for decades targeted Sheikh Jarrah, a middle-class Arab neighbourhood between east and west Jerusalem, aiming to turn it into a majority Jewish area."
- ISBN 978-0-7914-4413-9. Archivedfrom the original on 9 May 2021. Retrieved 9 May 2021.
These colonies — Ramot Eshkol, Givat Hamivtar, Maalot Dafna, and French Hill — were built in and adjacent to the Arab Sheikh Jarrah quarter.
- ^ The Sheikh Jarrah Affair: The Strategic Implications of Jewish Settlement in an Arab Neighborhood in East Jerusalem Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine, JIIS Studies Series no. 404, 2010. Yitzhak Reiter and Lior Lehrs, The Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies. On [1] Archived 2016-03-13 at the Wayback Machine
- ISBN 1-56656-557-X.
- ISBN 9781407300429. Archivedfrom the original on 2021-05-08. Retrieved 2016-04-18.
- ^ .
- ISBN 9780381982669. Archivedfrom the original on 2021-05-11. Retrieved 2016-04-18.
- ^ a b c d e f g Bussow, 2011, pp. 160 Archived 2021-05-11 at the Wayback Machine- 161 Archived 2021-05-11 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ ISBN 9781900949484. Archivedfrom the original on 2021-05-11. Retrieved 2020-11-07.
- ^ Bussow, 2011, p. 163 Archived 2021-05-11 at the Wayback Machine
- ISBN 9789041188434. Archivedfrom the original on 2021-05-11. Retrieved 2020-11-07.
- ^ a b c Adar Arnon, The quarters of Jerusalem in the Ottoman period, Middle Eastern Studies, vol. 28, 1992, pp 1–65.
- ^ Bussow, 2011, p. 162 Archived 2021-05-11 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Shragai, N. (2009-07-27). "The Sheikh Jarrah-Shimon HaTzadik Neighborhood". Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs. Archived from the original on 2011-06-08. Retrieved 2009-07-30.
- ^ "Kai Bird's 'Gate': One Foot In Israel, One In Palestine". NPR.org. Archived from the original on 2018-05-10. Retrieved 2018-04-02.
- ^ Shehadeh, Raja (1997). "Land and Occupation: A Legal Review". Palestine-Israel Journal.
- ^ Izenberg, Dan (29 September 2010). "Sheikh Jarrah Palestinians fear new evictions". The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on 11 May 2011. Retrieved 12 May 2011.
- ^ "What is happening in occupied East Jerusalem's Sheikh Jarrah?". Al Jazeera English. 1 May 2020. Archived from the original on 13 May 2021. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
- ^ "The Systematic dispossession of Palestinian neighborhoods in Sheikh Jarrah and Silwan" (PDF). Peace Now. 6 June 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 May 2021. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
- ^ a b "Stop evictions in East Jerusalem neighbourhood immediately, UN rights office urges Israel". UN News. 7 May 2021. Archived from the original on 13 May 2021.
- ^ a b Alsaafin, Linah (1 May 2021). "What is happening in occupied East Jerusalem's Sheikh Jarrah?". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 13 May 2021.
- ^ "OHCHR | Press briefing notes on Occupied Palestinian Territory".
- New York Times. Jerusalem. Archivedfrom the original on 9 May 2021. Retrieved 9 May 2021.
- Washington Post. Jerusalem. Archivedfrom the original on 12 May 2021. Retrieved 9 May 2021.
- ^ United Kingdom – Consulate General in Jerusalem – Our offices in Jerusalem, archived from the original on 2011-02-11, retrieved 2011-01-23
- ^ List of embassies and consulates in Israel, archived from the original on 2009-11-30, retrieved 2009-11-07
- ^ Josh May (2015-05-27). "Tony Blair resigns as Middle East peace envoy". Politics Home. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2021-05-10.
- ^ "The Englishwoman who ran an oasis in the heart of the conflict – Haaretz – Israel News".
- ^ "The Jerusalem Light Rail Map", Citypass, archived from the original on 2010-06-13, retrieved 2009-11-08
- ^ "Jerusalem Issue Briefs-The U.S.-Israeli Dispute over Building in Jerusalem: The Sheikh Jarrah-Shimon HaTzadik Neighborhood". 9 June 2010. Archived from the original on 9 June 2010.
- ^ "St John Eye Hospital – Improving Sight, Changing Lives". Archived from the original on February 8, 2012. Retrieved January 23, 2011.
- ]
- ^ "St. Joseph's French Hospital – BioJerusalem". Archived from the original on 2011-07-21. Retrieved 2010-06-17.
- ^ a b c "File of old letters and photos shows Shepherd Hotel is no stranger to scandal".
- ^ Britain protests to Olmert about illegal settlement Archived 2011-04-02 at the Wayback Machine Donald Macintyre, The Independent, May 5, 2007
- ^ Israel's evictions upset even its friends Archived 2017-01-07 at the Wayback Machine, Ian Black, The Guardian, August 4, 2009
- ^ New East Jerusalem homes approved hours before Netanyahu-Obama meet Archived 2010-03-26 at the Wayback Machine, Nir Hasson, Haaretz, March 23, 2010.
- ^ Israel to U.S.: Latest East Jerusalem building okayed last year Archived 2010-03-26 at the Wayback Machine, Nir Hasson, Barak Ravid and Natasha Mozgovaya, Haaretz Correspondents, and News Agencies, Haaretz, March 24, 2010
- ^ Matthew Lee (Jan 9, 2010). "Clinton slams Israeli demolition of historic hotel". Associated Press. Retrieved 8 January 2011.
Bibliography
- ISBN 978-9004205697. Archivedfrom the original on 2021-04-18. Retrieved 2020-11-07.
- .
External links
- Media related to Sheikh Jarrah at Wikimedia Commons