Short Biplane No. 2

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Short Biplane No.2
Role Experimental aircraft
National origin United Kingdom
Manufacturer Short Brothers
Designer Horace Short
First flight 27 September 1909
Introduction 1909
Number built 1

The Short No.2 was an early British aircraft built by

J.T.C. Moore-Brabazon
. It was used by him to win the £1,000 prize offered by the Daily Mail newspaper for the first closed-circuit flight of over a mile (1.6 km) to be made in a British aircraft.

Design and development

The Short No.2 was ordered from Short Brothers in April 1909 with the intention of competing for the £1,000 prize announced by the

aspect ratio surfaces, mounted at either end of a strut which was pivoted from the midpoint of struts connecting the wingtips.[2]

Service history

A 60 hp (45 kW) Green engine had been ordered to power the aircraft, but this had not been delivered when the airframe was completed in September, so an Ateliers Vivinus engine, salvaged from one of Moore-Brabazon's Voisin biplanes, was fitted. Using this engine, a successful flight of nearly a mile was made on 27 September at Shellbeach on the Isle of Sheppey, where both the Short Brother's works and the Royal Aero Club's flying field were located. A second, shorter, flight was made on 4 October, ending in a heavy landing which caused minor damage. While this was being repaired the Green engine was delivered and fitted, but the attempt to win the Daily Mail prize was delayed by poor weather and did not take place until 30 October, when Moore-Babazon succeeded in rounding a marker post set half a mile from the takeoff point and returning to land next to the launch rail.[3] A few days later, he responded to a challenge to disprove the saying "pigs can't fly" by making a 3 1/2-mile (5.6 km) cross-country flight with a piglet in a basket strapped to one of the interplane struts.

On 7 January it was flown the 4 1/2 miles from Shellbeach to the Royal Aero Club's new flying field at

Eastchurch, by which time a revised tail consisting of elongated fixed horizontal and vertical surfaces carried on four booms had been fitted to improve stability. It was now Moore-Brabazon's intention to make an attempt to win the British Empire Michelin Cup, and on 1 March he made a flight covering 19 miles (31 km) in 31 minutes, being forced to land when the engine crankshaft broke.[4] Although a new engine was fitted, the aircraft was due to be exhibited at the Aero Exhibition at Olympia, and was therefore not flown again until 25 March, by which time it was obvious that nobody else was capable of bettering his flight, and the prize was formally awarded to him. By this time Moore-Brabazon had ordered a new aircraft of the Short S.27
type, and made no subsequent flights in the aircraft.

Specifications

General characteristics

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 45 mph (72 km/h, 39 kn)

Notes

  1. ^ Barnes 1967, p.6
  2. ^ Barnes 1967, p.45
  3. ^ Barnes 1967, p.46
  4. ^ Barnes 1967 p.47

References

  • Barnes, C.H. Shorts Aircraft Since 1900. London: Putnam, 1967