Short S.8 Calcutta

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S.8 Calcutta
View shows the pilot in the open cockpit.
Role Biplane airliner flying boat
Manufacturer Short Brothers
First flight 14 February 1928
Introduction 1928
Primary user Imperial Airways
Number built 7
Developed from Short Singapore
Variants
Breguet 521

The Short Calcutta or S.8 was a civilian biplane airliner flying boat made by Short Brothers.

Design and development

The Calcutta biplane flying boat originated from an Imperial Airways requirement to service the Mediterranean legs of its services to and from India. Derived from the Short Singapore military flying boat, the Calcutta was noteworthy for being the first British stressed skin, metal-hulled flying boat but was preceded by the German Zeppelin-Lindau Rs.IV. It was equipped with three Bristol Jupiter engines mounted between the wings. The two pilots flew the plane from an open cockpit while the radio operator shared the main cabin with 15 passengers.

Operational history

The S.8 Calcutta made its first flight on 14 February 1928, having been launched the previous day and left at its mooring overnight to assess the hull for signs of leakage. Shorts' Chief

airworthiness and sea handling checks; these were successfully completed on 27 July of the same year and the aircraft was flown back to Shorts on the same day.[1] G-EBVG was handed over to Imperial Airways on 9 August 1928.[2]

The S.8 Calcutta was introduced in 1928 and was used by Imperial Airways flying the

Britain-to-India
route.

A total of seven aircraft were built. A military version of the Calcutta, originally known as the Calcutta (Service type), was built as the

Breguet 521 Bizerte
.

On 1 August 1928, Parker, accompanied by

Members of Parliament (including the then Chancellor of the Exchequer, Winston Churchill), members of the House of Lords and others.[1][3]

Accidents and incidents

The City of Rome (registration G-AADN) made a forced landing in high winds and poor weather in the Ligurian Sea off La Spezia, Italy, during a scheduled passenger flight from Naples International Airport in Naples, Italy, to Genoa Cristoforo Colombo Airport outside Genoa, Italy, on 26 October 1929. It sank during efforts to tow it to shore, killing all seven people on board.[4]

The City of Khartoum (G-AASJ) suffered a catastrophic failure of all three engines shortly before the end of its flight between

Alexandria, Egypt, just after nightfall on 31 December 1935. The pilot was the only survivor; nine passengers and three crew were killed either by the impact with water or by drowning when the aircraft was overwhelmed by heavy waves. An inquiry by the British Air Ministry found that the carburettors had been altered in a way which increased fuel consumption, resulting in the aircraft running out of fuel.[5]

Operators

 United Kingdom

Specifications

Short Calcutta 3-view drawing from NACA Aircraft Circular No.68

Data from British Civil Aircraft 1919-1972:Volume III [6]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 3
  • Capacity: 15 passengers
  • Length: 66 ft 9 in (20.35 m)
  • Wingspan: 93 ft 0 in (28.35 m)
  • Height: 23 ft 9 in (7.24 m)
  • Wing area: 1,825 sq ft (169.5 m2)
  • Empty weight: 13,845 lb (6,280 kg)
  • Max takeoff weight: 22,500 lb (10,206 kg)
  • Fuel capacity: 480 imp gal (580 US gal; 2,200 L)[7]
  • Powerplant: 3 × Bristol Jupiter IXF 9-cylinder radial engine, 540 hp (400 kW) each

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 118 mph (190 km/h, 103 kn) [8]
  • Cruise speed: 97 mph (156 km/h, 84 kn)
  • Range: 650 mi (1,050 km, 560 nmi)
  • Service ceiling: 13,500 ft (4,100 m)
  • Rate of climb: 750 ft/min (3.8 m/s)

See also

Related development

Notes

  1. ^ a b Barnes & James 1989, p. 227
  2. ^ Barnes & James 1989, p. 228
  3. ^ "History of the British Airways Museum." British Airways Archive and Museum Collection. Retrieved: 1 February 2007.
  4. ^ Aviation Safety Network: Accident Description
  5. ^ "Report of the investigation of the accident to the aircraft G-AASJ "City of Khartoum" off Alexandria on the 31st of December, 1935" (Cmd. 5220), HMSO, 1936.
  6. ^ Jackson 1988, p. 140
  7. ^ Barnes 1967, p. 226
  8. ^ Barnes & James 1989, p. 233

Bibliography

  • Barnes, C.H. (1967). Shorts Aircraft since 1900. London: Putnam.
  • Barnes, C. H.; James, D. N. (1989). Shorts Aircraft since 1900. Putnam: Putnam.
    ISBN 0-85177-819-4
    .
  • Bousquet, Gérard (2013). French Flying Boats of WW II. Sandomierz, Poland: Stratus.
    ISBN 978-83-63678-06-7
    .
  • The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft (Part Work 1982-1985). London: Orbis Publishing, 1985.
  • Jackson, A. J. (1988). British Civil Aircraft 1919-1972: Volume III. London: Putnam.
    ISBN 0-85177-818-6
    .
  • Lacaze, Henri (2016). Les avions Louis Breguet Paris [The Aircraft of Louis Breguet, Paris] (in French). Vol. 2: le règne du monoplan. Le Vigen, France.
    ISBN 978-2-914017-89-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link
    )

External links

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