Smart antenna
Smart antennas (also known as adaptive array antennas,
Smart antenna techniques are used notably in acoustic signal processing, track and scan
Smart antennas have many functions: DOA estimation, beamforming, interference nulling, and constant modulus preservation.
Direction of arrival (DOA) estimation
The smart antenna system estimates the direction of arrival of the signal, using techniques such as
Matrix Pencil is very efficient in case of real time systems, and under the correlated sources.
Beamforming
Beamforming is the method used to create the radiation pattern of the antenna array by adding constructively the phases of the signals in the direction of the targets/mobiles desired, and nulling the pattern of the targets/mobiles that are undesired/interfering targets. This can be done with a simple
Types of smart antennas
Two of the main types of smart antennas include switched beam smart antennas and adaptive array smart antennas. Switched beam systems have several available fixed beam patterns. A decision is made as to which beam to access, at any given point in time, based upon the requirements of the system. Adaptive arrays allow the antenna to steer the beam to any direction of interest while simultaneously nulling interfering signals.[2] Beamdirection can be estimated using the so-called direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation methods.[3]
In 2008, the United States NTIA began a major effort to assist consumers in the purchase of digital television converter boxes.[4] Through this effort, many people have been exposed to the concept of smart antennas for the first time. In the context of consumer electronics, a "smart antenna" is one that conforms to the EIA/CEA-909 Standard Interface.
In 2017, the Israeli Aerospace Industries unveiled an adaptive array antenna called
Limited choice of EIA/CEA-909A smart antennas in the marketplace
This article or section may need to be rewritten to comply with Wikipedia's quality standards, as Outdated, many more smart antennas are available in the market. (July 2018) |
Prior to the final transition to ATSC digital television in the United States on 11 June 2009, two smart antenna models were brought to market:
- RCA ANT2000 – no longer available from retailers
- DTA-5000 – manufactured by Funai Electric, marketed under the "DX Antenna" brand name, sometimes associated with the Sylvania brand name; no longer available from retailers
And two models are causing consumer confusion:
- Although the Apex SM550 is capable of connecting to a CEA-909 port for the purpose of drawing electrical power, it is not a true smart antenna.[5]
- The Channel Master 3000A and CM3000HD SMARTenna series are otherwise-conventional amplified omnidirectional antennas, not steerable smart antennas.[6]
- ADA - An adaptive antenna produced by MLM factory of the Israel Aerospace Industries[7]
See also
- Antenna (radio) – Electrical device
- Array processing – Area of research in signal processing
- History of smart antennas
- Phased array – Array of antennas creating a steerable beam
- CEA-909 – ANSI standard for 8VSB/ATSC smart antennas
- WiMAX – Wireless broadband standard
- Diversity combining – the combining of multiple received signals into a single improved signal
- Active antenna – Electric antennae
- Reconfigurable antenna – Antenna capable of modifying its frequency and radiation properties dynamically
- Digital antenna array – Smart antenna with multi channels digital beamforming
References
- ^ "StackPath". March 2019.
- ISBN 978-0071447898. (288 pages)
- ^ "Array Processing Tutorial" (PDF). The University of Texas at Austin.
- ^ "Microsoft Redirect". www.dtv2009.gov. Archived from the original on 2007-12-14. Retrieved 2022-05-22.
- ^ The Official AVS 'Smart Antenna' Topic - Page 4. AVS Forum.
- ^ Channel Master CM 3000 Suburban Outdoor Amplified Omnidirectional SMARTenna TV Antenna (CM3000A) at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ ADA GNSS Anti-Jamming System
Further reading
- Sun, Chen; Cheng, Jun; Ohira, Takashi (2008). Handbook on Advancements in Smart Antenna Technologies for Wireless Networks. Premier Reference Source (1 ed.). ISBN 978-1599049885. (584 pages)
External links
- Smart Antenna Research Group Archived 2013-10-20 at the Wayback Machine at Stanford
- Virginia Tech, Mobile and Portable & Radio research group