Sopwith Buffalo

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Buffalo
Role Armoured fighter/reconnaissance aircraft
National origin United Kingdom
Manufacturer Sopwith Aviation Company
First flight 19 September 1918
Status Prototype
Number built 2
Developed from Sopwith Bulldog

The Sopwith Buffalo was a British armoured

First World War. A single-engined biplane, two examples of the Buffalo were built by Sopwith
to carry out reconnaissance missions low over the trenches while protected against machine-gun fire from the ground, but no production followed, with the end of the war removing the need for such an aircraft.

Development and design

In July 1918, the British Air Ministry requested Sopwith, who were already building the Sopwith Salamander armoured single-seat ground attack fighter, to build an armoured two-seat aircraft to carry out the dangerous contact patrol mission.[1] This mission involved flying at low altitude over the battlefield to locate and keep in contact with attacking forces, therefore keeping commanders in touch with the progress of the battle. This exposed aircraft carrying out such missions to heavy small arms fire from enemy trenches, resulting in heavy casualties.[2][3]

Sopwith's design, the 3F.2 Buffalo, was a single-engined

carburettor and the magnetos.[3][4]

The first prototype flew on 19 September 1918,[3] flying to France for evaluation in the field on 27 September.[5] The second prototype, which had its armour extended further aft, flew in October.[3] While tests showed that the Buffalo had good performance, and promised to be an excellent contact patrol aircraft, the end of the war ended plans for large scale production. The two prototypes were sent to No. 43 Squadron, serving with the British Army of Occupation at Bickendorf near Cologne, Germany, but were quickly damaged in crashes.[2][5]

Operators

 Australia
 United Kingdom

Specifications

Data from British Aeroplanes 1914-18.[6]

General characteristics

  • Crew: Two
  • Length: 23 ft 3+1⁄2 in (7.10 m)
  • Wingspan: 36 ft 6 in (11.13 m)
  • Height: 9 ft 6 in (2.90 m)
  • Wing area: 326 sq ft (30.3 m2)
  • Empty weight: 2,178 lb (988 kg)
  • Gross weight: 3,071 lb (1,393 kg)
  • Fuel capacity: 25 imp gal (30 US gal; 110 L)
  • Powerplant: 1 ×
    Bentley BR.2 9-cylinder rotary engine
    , 230 hp (170 kW)
  • Propellers: 2-bladed, 8 ft 6 in (2.59 m) diameter [7]

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 114 mph (183 km/h, 99 kn) at 1,000 ft (300 m)
  • Range: 275 mi (443 km, 239 nmi) [8]
  • Service ceiling: 9,000 ft (2,700 m)
  • Time to altitude: 4 min 55 s to 3,000 ft (910 m)

Armament

See also

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Notes

  1. ^ Robertson 1970, p. 229.
  2. ^ a b Bruce 1957, p. 629.
  3. ^ a b c d Mason 1992, p. 139.
  4. ^ Bruce 1979, p. 199.
  5. ^ a b Bruce 1979, p. 200.
  6. ^ Bruce 1957, p. 630.
  7. ^ Robertson 1970, p. 240.
  8. ^ Flight, 6 February 1919, p. 174.

References

  • Bruce, J. M. British Aeroplanes 1914-18. London:Putnam, 1957.
  • Bruce, J. M. "The First British Armoured Brigade",Part 3. Air International, April 1979, Vol 16 No. 4. Bromley, UK:Fine Scroll Publishing. pp. 182–190, 199–200.
  • Mason, Francis K. The British Fighter since 1912. Annapolis, Maryland, USA:Naval Institute Press, 1992.
    ISBN 1-55750-082-7
    .
  • "Milestones:The Sopwith Machines". Flight, 6 February 1919. pp. 163–174.
  • Robertson, Bruce. Sopwith-The Man and his Aircraft. Letchworth, UK:Air Review, 1970.
    ISBN 0-900435-15-1
    .
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